Honesty in Negotiation

Moreover, creator acknowledges the multifaceted nature of special case and talks about various circumstance where trickiness can be acknowledged. For example, he makes reference to camouflage or inability to uncover as a type of satisfactory conduct in some circumstance that includes arrangement. To my feeling, inability to uncover isn't adequate in the circumstance when something significant is deliberately avoided inverse side, which can totally alter the course of negotiation.Further creator talks about other unsuitable types of impacts that are comprehensively utilized in haggling, however sealed by numerous examination gatherings to impact human gathering and dynamic abilities National Center for Biotechnology Information inadmissible and shouldn't be utilized in arrangement. Likewise, shortage, as a type of impact where official choice is influenced by impression about the shortage of the asset, ought to likewise be restricted in arrangement. I accept practice of such types of impacts ought to be viewed as controls and unsatisfactory in bargaining.The possibly time when such types of impact can be worthy is the point at which they happen normally, and not arranged ahead of time as a major aspect of arranging system. Moreover, individuals should know ahead of time and know about the nearness of characteristic types of impacts, so they can base their choices appropriately and freely from those impacts. Thus, the central matter is the significance of making individuals mindful of any types of impact to exhibit your regard of their entitlement to know the most precise data so they can settle on the most morally dependable choices as they can.In different words, treat individuals the manner in which you need to be dealt with. For example, on the off chance that individuals are made mindful of deficient data preceding fomentation, at that point it can assist them with settling on progressively levelheaded and educated choices. Besides, creator talks about trick ery about reservation costs, where misdirection can be progressively worthy in certain circumstances. For example, more often than not before the invalidation individuals have firm thought of what result they anticipate. In any case, during exchange process individuals can alter their perspective, or can be convinced into changing their mind.In truth, experienced arbitrators can gauge a wide range of headings the arrangement can take, and base their exchange conduct and activities appropriately. For example, experienced trade-in vehicle sales rep can change the brain of the brew who is attempting to bring the cost somewhere near clarifying all extraordinary alternative vehicle has, including low mileage, clear past mishap report, incredible upkeep report. The vehicle sales rep truly accept into the worth and nature of the item he is attempting to sell, and simultaneously he is attempting to persuade the client that the vehicle is estimated right.As an outcome, the client is persuade d and consents to purchase the vehicle at the recorded cost. I think this type of impact is adequate and moral, since sales rep utilizes his aptitude and information in exchange to persuade the client to purchase the vehicle. As purchaser got more data about the vehicle of his advantage, he got mindful of new contemplations about the estimation of the vehicle, and thus he has adjusted his perspective. I accept such type of impact is typical piece of arrangement process. A typical kind of trickery, as per the creator, is dubiousness or equivocalness during the negotiations.In reality, such methods are ordinarily utilized for aberrant correspondence, where moderators have constrained trust for each other. As indicated by creator, these procedures are utilized for self-security, where arbitrators are not totally open, however not for the motivations behind disarray or narrow minded additions. I have confidence in circumstance like this, it is worthy to utilize unclearness or uncertaint y during exchanges, and I wouldn't arrange it as a real trickery. Be that as it may, it would be the prohibition from the standard, instead of a standard. The vast majority of the occasions dubiousness or vagueness is utilized to misdirect or befuddle the negotiator.In expansion, creator talks about further that trust is significant, and in the event that there is no trust, at that point it is uncalled for to hazard everything for the intrigue or good privileges of others. Creator additionally puts extraordinary accentuation on the significance of decency. Creator clarifies that since exchange happens in the conniving condition, decency assumes key job in building that trust ground, so the two gatherings can additionally include and take part in the similarly fair arrangement. I accept trustworthiness assists with building trust and is the most significant piece of a compelling exchange.

Americans with Disabilities Act

Americans with Disabilities Act Americans with Disabilities Act: 29th Anniversary 29 years back today, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), was passed, which denoted a significant achievement in ensuring the privileges of those with handicaps. It is viewed as one of the most vigorous bits of social equality legislation.What Did the ADA Establish? The Americans with Disabilities Act precludes victimization individuals with incapacities in regions, for example, work, correspondences and transportation, just as access to government program and services.The ADA is broken into five separate segments, known as titles of assurance. Let’s investigate each one.Title I †Employment Title I of the ADA qualifies people with inabilities for a similar work openings and advantages as those without disabilitiesAn boss must furnish sensible facilities to those candidates with incapacities who are in any case qualified.In expansion, an individual can't be declined work for a place that they are able to do. Title II †Public Services: State and Local Governm ent Title II of the ADA requires state and nearby offices to guarantee that their administrations, exercises, strategies, methodology, and projects offered are available to people with disabilities. Title III †Public Accommodations and Services Operated by Private Entities Title III spotlights on open spots, for example, eateries, cinemas, and sports arenas. It characterizes and requires the base measures important for any new construction.Title III expresses that current open spots evacuate hindrances any place vital, making â€Å"reasonable accommodations† for clients with hearing, vision, and discourse incapacities, excepting undue hardship to the owner. Title IV †Telecommunications Title IV necessitates that phone and Internet organizations make administrations, (for example, shut subtitling of governmentally supported open assistance declarations on TVs) that empower any people with discourse or hearing disabilities to communicate. Title V †Mis cellaneous Provisions The fifth and last title of the ADA remembers numerous different arrangements for views to the ADA all in all, its relationship to state laws, protection advantages, counter, and the sky is the limit from there. It likewise incorporates a rundown of what conditions are not viewed as an inability for reasons for this Act.Celebrating the ADA Anniversary As we commend the ADA’s 29th commemoration on July 26th, it is significant for us to recognize the significance of value among those with and without disabilities.To get familiar with the ADA and the commemoration, The ADA National Network offers different assets, including recordings and photographs from past celebrations.We Can HelpIf you are impaired and unfit to work, call Disability Attorneys of Michiganâ for a free secret counsel. We’ll let you know whether we can assist you with getting a month to month check and assist you with deciding whether any cash or resources you get could affect your qualification for handicap benefits.Disability Attorneys of Michiganâ works hard consistently helping the impaired of Michigan look for the Social Security Disability Benefitsâ they need. In the event that you can't work because of a physical, mental, or subjective weakness, call Disability Attorneys of Michiganâ now for a free discussion atâ 800-701-5524.Let Michigan’s experienced Social Security Disability law office assist you with getting the advantages you merit. Americans with Disabilities Act, incapacity lawyer, handicap legal counselor, Michigan inability attorney

How to Write an English Essay - Chellia Crawfords Essay

How to Write an English Essay - Chellia Crawford's Essay'How to write an English essay is just one of the big questions in the English courses for writing. So many students don't get it right and end up with a very bad grade,' says Chellia Crawford. 'You need to understand how to write an English essay and to put into words what you have learned about essay writing. And, you need to know that if you think you can't write, you cannot write.'She says, 'You can't learn how to write an English essay without first knowing what it is not. This means that English essay writing can be taught but it can't be taught if you don't understand what it is. That's why it's so important to understand what it is and what it isn't, and how to put it into words.'You'll get the most out of your English essay when you're not studying it but rather trying to create it. You must find the things that work for you and are easy for you to write. And, there are two skills you must master: good structure and goo d content. Then, your essay will become good as it ever was.'Because this is her first book, she says that it takes time to get your mind around how to write an English essay, and her simple yet clear definition of the rules of essay writing is far from perfect. She says that the best way to go about it is to take a chapter from each of her other books and apply it to the essay.Her next book, The Simple Art of Article Writing is about how to write a four-page article. This one is all about how to make an article interesting and easy to read. It will teach you how to use simple paragraphs, bolded key phrases, and page numbers so that you don't lose readers. That's in a nutshell, she says.In The Simplest English Essay, she explains that the essays are long because it is the only way to get the information that you want across. For example, writing essays about history is difficult because you don't know how to present yourself or your argument. Therefore, writing an essay on politics can be difficult. However, when you are dealing with literature and creative writing, everything gets easier.You may have to write an essay on a novel or a play, but the rules are the same. Therefore, her second book, are all about how to make an essay short and simple, but also interesting and eye-catching.If you're starting to question how to write an English essay, then why not start with some of her other books. They might just give you a little more insight into how she does things. After all, the rules are the same as she describes them.

Essay on Shakespeares Macbeth as a Tragic Hero - 1087 Words

Macbeth as a Tragic Hero According to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, The best tragic plot moves the hero from prosperity to misfortune, occasioned not by depravity, but by some great mistake he makes. The plot of Macbeth follows these basic guidelines; throughout the play we follow the path of the main character as his life is torn apart as a result of the colossal mistake he makes when he kills Duncan. It is for this and the many ensuing reasons that we can say that Macbeth accurately portrays the image of a tragic hero as outlined by Aristotle. Aristotles first guideline for an effective tragic hero is someone that is basically good. While Macbeth does not exactly make sound moral decisions, toward the beginning of†¦show more content†¦Worthy Gentleman! The way they are speaking portrays him as a normal soldier who helped win the war, not with the help of godly powers, but with simple bravery. He is an average gentleman who wins the affection of his king by his bravery, and because of this simplicity he reflects the normality of a real person. Further on in the play he opens up more when he says, I have almost forgot the taste of fears... At this point in the play the audience has almost lost sight of Macbeth as a real person, his cold-blooded murders disgust us so much that that he becomes something too bile to possibly be human. We believe that no human could possibly act with the harsh brutality that Macbeth acts with, and so becomes in imagination, some evil external force that can no longer be rela ted to as a human individual. However, when Macbeth says these words, he is opening himself up to the fact that he is still human. The audience realizes that since he can still feel fear, which is a human emotion, he must still be human. For a brief moment the audience connects with Macbeth, and there is a sense of pity for the tragic hero because both parties realize that the end is near in sight. For a brief second we forget about his murderous deeds, and based on the beliefShow MoreRelatedEssay on Shakespeares Macbeth is a Tragic Hero956 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth is a Tragic Hero  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeares tragic hero is a man of noble birth who falls from a position of honor and respect due to a flaw in his character. He freely chooses a course of action which ultimately causes him suffering and brings him to a fatal end.(Campbell 129) Macbeth is the epitome of a tragic hero who rises high then falls rock bottom to his death. Macbeth, once a noble man, follows the advice of witches, finds himself King, abuses his power and then gets killedRead MoreEssay on Shakespeares Macbeth as Tragic Hero623 Words   |  3 PagesShakespeares Macbeth as Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeares Macbeth follows the journey of nobleman Macbeth that starts with him as Thane of Glamis and ends with him as King of Scotland. Macbeth is a tragic hero because he possesses all the traits that Aristotle outlined in his poetics. He said that the tragic hero must be a man that is higher than mortal worth, but has tragic flaws. Aristotle also stated that the flaws will lead to great suffering and usually death; the cause being fateRead MoreMacbeth as a Tragic Hero in Willian Shakespeares Macbeth2662 Words   |  11 PagesMacbeth as a Tragic Hero in Willian Shakespeares Macbeth Two and a half thousand years ago, Aristotle defined a tragedy as an imitation of an action that is serious, complete and of a certain magnitude. Two thousand years later, Shakespeare reincarnated this and other classical principles in the form of his four great tragedies; Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth. Aristotle laid down some elements which he and other classical theorists seemed to think necessaryRead More Shakespeares Macbeth as Tragic Hero Essay examples872 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth as Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚   Aristotle defined a tragic character is a man who â€Å"falls into misfortune through some flaw. (Grube, 5) Shakespeares tragic hero is a man who falls from his position of honor and respect due to a flaw in character and ultimately arrives at a fatal end. (Nostbakken, 2) Macbeth is an epitome of a tragic hero. He had a good nature, but was driven by greed and a quest for power. Macbeth had been a military hero,   loved and praised by the people, but his blind ambitionRead MoreEssay about Shakespeares Macbeth is a Tragic Hero1762 Words   |  8 PagesMacbeth is a Tragic Hero In many respects Macbeth, of Shakespeare’s play Macbeth is the least admirable tragic hero of literature. Typical tragic heroes have at least a few admirable character traits. One may, or may not like the hero, but there is something in their characters or their situation on which one can hang some sympathy, even if there is not enough for us to rationalize away their actions. But Macbeth is a mass murderer, who does away with friends, colleagues, womenRead MoreEssay on Shakespeares Macbeth - The Tragic Hero717 Words   |  3 PagesMacbeth - The Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚   Every true Elizabethan Tragedy comes complete with a tragic hero.   The tragedy Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, has a perfect example of a tragic hero, otherwise known as Macbeth.   A tragic hero must be a man who is great and admirable in various ways.   He should be placed in society in such a way that everything he does affects all of the members of his society.   A tragic hero should at some point reach the top of Fortune’s Wheel, but land upRead MoreEssay on Shakespeares Macbeth is a Tragic Hero1170 Words   |  5 Pagesaccount to create as much of an impact as possible on the reader or the audience. Macbeth, for example, is about one man, Macbeth who does what he thinks is necessary to become king but dies tragically due to his judgement. In this play, Shakespeare communicates how Macbeths destiny can be changed depending on how he deals with his predicted future, in other words, his fate versus his free will. Macbeth makes many foolish decisions throughout his life like believing evil and supernaturalRead More Shakespeares Macbeth as Tragic Hero Essay680 Words   |  3 PagesMacbeth as Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚   A tragic hero is usually a person of high esteem or social ranking cursed with a flaw or obsession that will eventually lead to their demise. Macbeth is a tragic hero. Examining the events that occur as Macbeth travels the typical path of a tragic hero easily supports this claim.    Before Macbeth is even introduced to the audience, Duncan and Ross speak of his greatness. When it is discovered that the Thane of Cawdor has surrendered, Duncan decides to giveRead More Aristotles Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay examples1044 Words   |  5 PagesAristotles Tragic Hero in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   Aristotle and Shakespeare lived ages apart, but Aristotle had a great affect on Shakespeares plays. In Shakespeare’s tragic play, Macbeth, the character of Macbeth is consistent with Aristotles definition of the tragic hero.    Aristotles tragic hero is a man who is characterized by good and evil. He is a mixture of good characteristics and bad characteristics. For example, Macbeth was an honorable Thane of Glamis. He was a valiant fighterRead MoreMacbeth as a Tragic Hero in William Shakespeares Play Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth as a Tragic Hero in William Shakespeares Play The play ‘Macbeth’ by William Shakespeare charts the rise and fall of the Scottish general Macbeth, through a tale of treachery, deceit and death. First performed in 1606 ‘Macbeth’ is inspired by a story of the Scottish monarchy. A tragic hero is one who at the outset is not wholly good or bad but has a character fault that causes them to make tragic mistakes resulting in their eventual downfall. ‘Macbeth’ is a renaissance

How For A Homeless People - 813 Words

How to rescue homeless people. Soo UCPP Michelle king 10/ 27/ 2015 While Canadians are walking, wherever they go, homeless people have frequently been seen. Why they had started living on the street does not matter to people who pass by them, plenty of people just regard them losers in confined to the margins of society. However they are often born into lower socioeconomic status, but also it is a one of the most serious problems across Canada. The literal meaning of homelessness categorizes chronically homeless people as people who have not had their own housing yet. Roughly â€Å"235,000† Canadians have slept out of their doors during a year (Homeless people Hub, 2014, page 5). The group of homeless people consists of great range of people†¦show more content†¦They have been spending more than 30% of wage on rent (Homeless people Hub, 2014, page 23). Scarcity of affordable housing is related with investment by all levels of government. Since 1980. Whereas Canadian population has grown, provincial and national investments have fallen about 48% (Homeless people Hub, 2014, page 4). Renting house has become lucrative part time job for house owners, and the price of housing is also steadily increasing. â€Å"Systems failures† might arise from failing assist systems. (Homeless people Hub, 2013, page 13). Expelling patients who need to be cared more time, failing refugee and immigrants settle down are one of the main reasons. Racial and lingual discrimination barriers get rid of opportunities to gain enough money to live independently. Overwhelming their competitor to take jobs which give high wage is out of question, only few chances to work for lower wage are granted. Family violence, sudden social move and unpredictable disaster are sorted as â€Å"Individual and relational factors† (Homeless people Hub, 2013, page 13). Especially children and women are forced to go to shelters or streets to escape domestic violence, because domestic violence is tended to be hidden (Homeless people Hub, 2013, p 25-26). Sometimes, varying movement of the world, such as progress of technologies, diminish the number of employment. Once a innovative technology is invented, the requirement number of employee is sharply

Essay about Analysis of Doctorows Billy Bathgate

Unspoken Laws in Billy Bathgate With the introduction into gang life comes opportunities for wealth, women, status and power all with the convenient diffusion of any criminal or moral responsibility. Like any society, the secret world of criminal gangs has its own set of stringent expectations and rules that must be followed. In E. L. Doctorow’s Billy Bathgate, the secret world of Schultz’s New York gang empire is revealed through the eyes of the young protagonist, Billy Bathgate. During a time when the grave effects of the depression had trickled down into nearly every community, the opportunity to partake in the privy, elite, prosperous network posed by Schultz was the manifestation of all that Billy could hope for. In his short†¦show more content†¦While constantly aware of Miss Drew’s situation, Billy can’t escape the realization of his position’s possible transiency and the fact that his life depends on his usefulness in the gang: â€Å"all I had to remember was h ow small of a mistake was sufficient to change my fortune, maybe even without knowing it. I was an habitual accomplice to murder. I could be arrested, tried, and sentenced, to death†(123). From this, Billy is impressed with one of the fundamental rules that accompanies inclusion in gang life—absolute loyalty to the gang’s interests. Billy observes the consequences of breaking this rule of loyalty when he hops onto the boat and into the scene of Bo’s sinking figure, and later, when Schulz’s personal life becomes complicated with a pending courtcase. The gang loyally relocates to the rural small town of Onondaga to help ensure the boss avoids jailtime. After painstakingly building an amiable reputation in the town for the Boss, Schultz’s temperament leads to â€Å"the president† Julie Martin’s murder in the hotel. The entire gang dutifully cleans the room and removes the body with cover up concluding with and unprepared Billy bein g punched in the face. After the fact, Billy comes to see the necessity of his subsequent broken nose yet is internally insulted and cannot shake the urge to â€Å"get revenge† (159). This affront to his own ego caused a shift

Legal Aspects of Oil and Gas Industries

Question: Describe the legal aspects of oil and gas industries? Answer: The oil and gas industry attracts complex, risky, as well as operations that are expensive that happens for a long period. Employments of special contract are done in guiding the relationship among different parties that are merged in the operations. When the operations and the relation is complex in nature, many disputes happen in the course of activity. Disputes may happen concerning the claim of maritime boundary, claim relating to equipment, claim over jurisdiction, claim in tune with the quantity and quality of goods, etc. Hence, to restrict the progress of oil, as well as gas operations it is important that the parties do proper means of resolving the disputes (Kendall, 2008). The common method of resolving dispute is by the process of litigation but due to the fees and time span involved in it, parties to the contract uses the concept of arbitration that plays a major role in settlement of disputes by amicable means (Born, 2009). When the dispute happens, it relates to two different countries and this leads to tussle between two countries. Hence, the legal system is concerned with many factors like issues relating to legal system, convention, as well as international treaties, implementation of laws, etc. It is to be noted that contract states the scope of dispute resolution. The main idea relates with the sovereign immunity is concerned in international law that states the party to the contract cannot be sued in the absence of a clause. The presence of corporations helps in recognizing the principle of restrictive sovereign immunity (Born, 2014). The application of Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act provides waves of the express or implied clause. High risk is involved when it comes to oil exploration. Such agreements can be entered into by way of agreement that is joint in nature or marketing agreement. When it comes to joint operating agreement, one of the parties assumes the position of an operating party that is responsible for everyday exploration and management of the affairs that are related. The other non-operating party will provide reimbursement of the operating party at the determined percentage that is done on a pro rata method (Brister, 2014). Hence, in this particular contract, the share of interest determination can be termed as important and may lead to dispute. Beyond question, the accounting principles help in chalking out the expenses, as well as revenue, cost reimbursement that is incurred by the party that is operating and indemnification that happens of the operating party when there is a default. Hence, when it comes to payment or liability, it is done based on casting of votes either for or against the resolution that is proposed (Brister, 2014). Marketing contract is another type of contract that is related to oil and gas where the rights, as well as marketing of the oil along with the LNG are provided to the other party residing in another nation (Oil and Gas disputes, 2015). Such contracts need s strong grasp of the market and the skills to store, transport the gas, and maintain them at the needed temperature. It requires huge cost and hence the market research needs to be extensive in nature before entering into a contact (Brister, 2014). In contracts, the provision of dispute resolution are done when the relationship are soured. Therefore, it should be necessary that proper emphasis must be provided to the provisions at the starting stage (Paul, 2010). Arbitration can be said to be a part of ADR that helps in settling the dispute between two parties without referring to the traditional court. In case of arbitration, the parties to a dispute refer to one or more persons who are termed as arbitrator or an arbitral tribunal by whose decision or award are set. An international commercial arbitration can be institutional or ad-hoc arbitration. When it comes to institutional process of arbitration, the parties to dispute agree to adhere to a dispute for determination that is in tune with the arbitral institution. The institutions have well settled policies and programs that help in conducting arbitral proceedings (Kluwer, 2014). Qualified arbitrators can be selected in this regard. The disadvantage that can be viewed over here is the hefty fees that can becomes more than the dispute. On the contrary, when it comes to ad hoc system of arbitration, no fees is payable to the institution and the arbitrators having the final say on the rules, as well as regulation of the arbitration. Hence, better flexibility is observed in ad hoc arbitration and therefore majorly attracts the claims that are smaller in nature and less expensive (Paul, 2010). There is a difference change when it comes to oil and gas industry. This change was witnessed after the process of liberalization and hence more venues were opened for the trade and agreements. The court proceeding that is traditional in nature needs the disclosure of information that is sensitive in nature and might be of strategic importance. Hence, can be termed as a disadvantage of litigation. Held in the case of Lyondell-CITGO Refining, LP v. Petroleos de Venezuela, the court wanted an access to the minutes of the Board Meeting though the Law of Venezuela prohibited an access without involving security clearances (Kluwer, 2014). Hence, the plaintiff was based in a position that was unenviable. In such specific situation, the forum of International Arbitration comes to help where the access can be denied by resorting to NOC. When it comes to International Commercial Arbitration, it helps and allows for selecting the expert who is impartial so that the documents can be evaluated and the objectivity of the information can be subjected to better security. Moreover, two different countries are involved in case of oil and gas contract and none of the party is willing to be subjected laws of another country. To devoid home country any advantage, the Rule of International Arbitration needs the appointment of an arbitrator that is neutral in nature and it is done after considering the place of the arbitrator who is independent in nature. Moreover, the relationship of the nation of the arbitrator with the parties to the arbitration is also considered. Therefore, arbitration can be termed as the appropriate method that can be adhered to disputes and can be termed as the best option for the parties to the contract. The proceedings of the corresponding are also simpler in nature and flexible as compared to the court of the US. The rules of IBA also include a provision where the Tribunal Arbitral can provide the judgement without intake of any information that is sensitive in nature. The court of US allows information withholding of information when it comes to the common ground but does not stress on the rejection of the element of disclosure that may arise due to confidentiality based on technical or commercial aspect. The institution of arbitration considers this aspect (British Petroleum, 2015). Hence, it can be commented that arbitration has better terms in comparison of the court when it comes to the point of disclosure. The party who drafts the agreement of arbitration contains the procedure of arbitration that dwells on mutual facts and understanding. It is a vital concept of the International Arbitration that provides the parties to the contract can select the seat of arbitrators. However, when the parties are unable to undertake this, the role of Arbitral Institution comes to the forefront. The selected Arbitrators are qualified and expert in their subject contains knowledge that deals with the subject matter of the contract, as they are majorly concerned with selection and appointment of the parties as against the magistrates and judges of the court who do not possess the specialization in specific cases of business (Born, 2014). Moreover, the arbitrators do not have any link with the disputed parties or the countries to which they belong. The process of litigation is complex in nature and needs a description. When it comes to the process of litigation, the appointment of judges are done by the state and the law of the state prevails where the case falls. This is defined as a strict happening. On the other hand, in the case of arbitration there is freedom in this entire scenario. In the case of litigation, the parties to the contract are completely dwelling under the influence f the lawyers, advocates and barristers who undertakes the case and gives it a proper direction by the evidence and their skills whereas in case of arbitration, the case remains personal to the party involve as the parties can put forward their viewpoints (British Petroleum, 2015). Hence, the parties can represent their argument and fight according to their benefit. Moreover, the losses or gains rest entirely on the parties. Therefore, the prospects are good for the parties as the settlement is done by peaceful manner. This helps in maintenance o f the relationship between both the parties. Moreover, the time, as well as cost involved in litigation is high because the court fees, barrister fees are required to be met. Moreover, the time span is longer as new dates are taken for representing and producing the evidences. However, arbitration cannot be termed as a less expensive method, but requires less time. The case happens on a fast mode and the judgement happens quickly (Born, 2014). The court considers a lot of time and is expensive in nature. In case of arbitration, the element of privacy and confidentiality is maintained that makes the process flexible and result oriented in nature. The process of globalization leads to influence of one particular order of court on the transactions of other. It was witnessed in the case Yukos, the largest oil private player that filed for Texas bankruptcy, the government of Russia could not lead to the assets sale as an injunction was obtained for the sale in Texas. Hence, it can be witnessed that the commercial as well as global parties are influenced by the order of the court and therefore to avoid all such situation international arbitration can be seen as a method for the settlement of dispute by helping the parties to draft contractual terms that are favorable in nature (Buhring Kirchhof, 2006). With the due passage of time, there has been much criticism on the private oil players because of the heavy profit making, regular scrutiny by the taxation authorities and the packages to the top executives. The process of litigation leads to share of information to the public and can be kept at bay with the help of international arbitration. When two parties knock the gates of the court, a bitter relationship happens between the two parties. As oil and gases contracts spreads for a long period, it is essential to have peaceful relationship between the two. Peaceful ways enables strong understanding, as well as judgment (Kolkey et. al, 2012). Arbitration provides a mean that is peaceful and helps in settlement of dispute. For a long term perspective, it is better that the process of arbitration is followed. There are various reasons that influence the parties to the oil and gas contracts to prefer the process of ADR as against litigation. This can be commented considering the theories and the practice in the current scenario. In short, when it comes to the arbitration party a neutral value is chosen for the settlement of dispute. Moreover, the process of arbitration is aptly termed as a neutral process (Kluwer, 2014). The field of litigation has undergone a vast change in the past decade, however considering the overall impact and the result it is still cumbersome. In this scenario, the process of arbitration comes to the forefront as it helps in settlement of the disputes by peaceful means and without any loss of secrecy (Deventer, 2010). Both the parties to the contract are provided sufficient chances of keeping their talk and therefore it are effective in nature. Hence, to have a strong situation and especially a win-win situation it is essential that the dispute is settled by way of arbitration. Moreover, a strong bond is maintained between the parties to the contract that may be adversely affected when the process of litigation is used. References Born, G 2009, International Commercial Arbitration, Kluwer Born, G 2014, International Commercial Arbitration, Frederick, MD: Wolters Brister, A 2014, Farmout Agreements: The Basics, Negotiations and Motivations. Oil and Gas Law Digest. Brister, A 2014, Introduction to Joint Operating Agreements. Oil and Gas Law Digest. British Petroleum 2015, BP Global/About BP/Angola, viewed 17 March 2016, www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=427contentId=2000571#2014344. Buhring,U.C and Kirchhof, G.L 2006, Arbitration and Mediation in International Business, Washington DC. Deventer, N.K 2010, Yearbook commercial arbitration, Huntington: New York Kendall, J 2008, Expert Determination. 4th edition Kluwer A 2014, International Commercial Arbitration, Austin: Walters Kolkey, D.M, Chernick, R, Neal, B.R 2012, Practitioners Handbook On Arbitration and Mediation, Huntington, N.Y. Oil and Gas disputes 2015, Global Dispute oil and gas, viewed 16 March 2016, https://www.fess-global.org/files/OilandGas.pdf. Paul, S.T 2010, LLM Oil Gas Law, University of Aberdeen: Assistant Lecturer, Rivers State University Of Science And Technology, Port Harcourt: Nigeria.

The Intellectual Views on the Concepts of Global Politics

Introduction Global politics have impacts on almost everyone in various significant ways. In order to understand the concepts of global politics, different intellectual views have been brought to light. Most of these theories are based on traditional and cultural concepts all of which represent issues such as social justice, level of security and freedom among others.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Intellectual Views on the Concepts of Global Politics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Approaches to international politics also entail concerns about fundamental reasoning. A lot of concern has been on the intellectual approaches to global politics which are likely to grow outside the traditional and cultural context of political views. The focus on international relations theories has been driven by the many questions having been raised on how the behavior of a state can be examined as well as the role of t he state. This is the reason behind policymakers’ and other practitioners’ concern on international relations studies. This is because there is a close link between abstract theories and real world policy (Walt 1). Since there is no single theory on international relations that can fully explain the complex content of world politics, this paper will examine the competing arrays of theories in order to draw a close understanding of international affairs. Realism maintains that states are the key players of international relations. The realism theory defines a state as that which is free from external control and thus the state has a significant role of driving power and security and most importantly, pursuing the entire interests of the nation. As far as realism theory is concerned, states should perform in a self involved approach rather than focusing on external concerns. The main theme in realism is the significant characteristic of the state which is a defined terri tory and a government which has sovereign authority over its people. Domestic liberalism, on the other hand, denotes the behavior of states rather than the positive behavior. In this case domestic liberalism is characterized by state’s behavior rather than the expected behavior. Unlike realism where states operate as single actors, domestic liberalism denotes individual and group operations from both domestic and transnational perspective. The decision making theory of international relations falls largely on foreign policy part of international relations. The main focus of the decision making theory is on the foreign policy makers themselves rather than the structural process itself. This is because the decision making process itself is determined by other variables and theories such as use of power and internalization of state interests (Walt 1).Advertising Looking for term paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OF F Learn More Domestic-interest group theory challenge on realism Realism has been the dominant epitome in the study of international relations and political science over the years. For instance, there has been growing conflict between the theories of deterrence and that of state-centric realism. Despite the fact that the two theories attempt to analyze the circumstances under which international war and crises are likely to occur, they both differ in the way each one of them views as most important in determining the role of state as well as state behavior. The domestic-interest group presented by Snyder has raised much concern which challenges the realism theory of international relation (Mercer 1). To begin with, the realism theory lacks adequate explanatory as far as conflicts within some of the great powers are concerned. On the other hand, deterrence theory which is a prominent competitor of the realism theory, gives a greater insight on the same. According to the theo ry of realism, wars and conflicts are caused by state leaders as they are the prime decision makers. As a result, the structure system provides the leaders with information which gives them an insight of possible conflicts. This may often lead to over confidence in some leaders while others may be less confident about conflict outcomes. This is likely to result to uncertainties resulting from the link between the decision makers and the structure of the system. On the other hand, state leaders may be willing to engage in a conflict behaviors since they are the decision makers. The domestic-interest group as presented by Snyder assumes that there are no leaders that can give a concrete explanation of conflicts amongst other states. This therefore means that decisions by state leaders made in regard to escalation of conflicts in other states are made on mere assumptions and uncertainties and may therefore be ineffective or cause more conflicts in such states. In this case, when the le aders do make such decisions, their tendency to take or not take risks is actually what determines their behavior which may not have the interests of the citizens at hand. This therefore means that any impacts of the system structure will be dealt with in accordance with the decision makers’ who are, in this case, the state leaders’ ability to take risks (Mercer 1). Since the realism theory presents a system structure which may have a great number of actors, it gets more difficult to make predictions on conflicts because the leaders and decision makers have to identify individual behaviors of the many actors and in a correct manner.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Intellectual Views on the Concepts of Global Politics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, the incentives presented may be opposing and cause complication of the decision making process as the leaders cannot determine w hich actors will support them on their incentives. This also leads to reduced confidence by leaders in making decision on international conflicts. Similarly, the system structure presented in realism theory focuses on distribution of capabilities amongst great powers. For instance, as the distribution of military gets more and more even, the predictions of armed conflicts by decision makers become more difficult as sensitivity to outcome errors increase due to the number of actors involved. The other conception of system structure presented in realism theory is the extension of allies across boundaries. This is challenged by the domestic-interest group in that the increased alliance coalitions of any state, reduces support reliability from members of the coalition as security interests are diverse within the coalition members (Mercer 1). Cognitive psychology theory challenge on realism Cognitive psychology theories as presented by Jervis and McDermott have as well challenged the rea lists’ state centric theory of international relations. This theory has only been influential amongst theorists of international relations especially those studying international security. Little attention has been given to this theory in American politics. Even political economists have paid little attention to the realism theory. According to McDermott, the cause for little attention on the realism theory has been its focus on security at the expense of other aspects of political science and this is where the cognitive psychology theories come in (Mercer 1). In order to describe the little interest on realism theory among political scientists, McDermott presented the most problematic aspects of the theory in a generalized perspective. The first problem with the realism theory is that there is no distinct perception of a state’s actors’ field of function in case of losses or gains. Instead, it is the actor’s field of function that determines the rest of the theories aspects. The second problem as presented by McDermott is that of risk assessment where it may be easy to assess risks acceptance or distaste but working on the risks at the field gets much harder. Since the strongest aspect of realism theory is the determination of people not to lose rather than to win, the problem of assessing risks causes a bias to the people’s attitude towards such political risks.Advertising Looking for term paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Psychologists use variables that enable them to measure interests in regard to realism theory. Assessing the actor’s domain entails the studying of the goals and motivation of the decision maker (Mercer 1). For instance, deterioration of a political position makes the leaders feel like they are domain losers. McDermott gave a good example of President Carter during the crisis of Iranian hostage where certain setbacks in foreign policy made the decision makers opt for pre-crisis status. Political psychologists have demonstrated how cognitive ways of locating domains of gains or losses can lead to biased judgment. This is because of our inability to hold on to the customary models of decisions. The causal mechanism Causal mechanism is described as the means through which a certain outcome is brought into existence. The outcome is explained by giving a hypothesis about what caused the outcome to occur. For instance, an outcome of a reduction in consumer consumption results from increase in price. In this case, the causal mechanism relating the cause and the effect involves careful observation of prices by the consumers. Causal mechanism constitutes two types of theories where one of the theories is the human theory which maintains that causation results from regularities on observable variables which are constituted by facts. Thus, causation does not occur due to authority, nature or requisite. The other theory is the causal realist which holds that power and mechanisms are fundamental constituents of causation. According to this theory, scientific research is meant to justify hypothesis on the fundamentals of causation. A clear demonstration is that of a variable X causing Y to occur. In this case, X is a necessity or a condition for Y to occur which also means that if X had not occurred, then Y would not have occurred either. Therefore, the causal mechanism exists from the occurrence of X to the occurrence of Y. Conclusion The domestic liberalism theory seems to be more powerful than the others as it is based on the interests of individuals and groups rather than the interests of the state itself which are more concerned on international interests rather than those of the state. This is because the interest of an individual state should be the basis under which that particular state relates to international states and thus as long as the domestic liberalism theory is applied, the rest of the theories will automatically fall into place. The realist’s centric state model, in particular, has faced a lot of challenge from the domestic-interest group theory and the cognitive psychology theories. The cognitive psychological theories have specifically challenged the realism theory in its inability to promote reinforcement and interactions between small groups as it focuses on international relations rather than state relations. Inconsistency in management has also been a big challenge to realism according to the cognitive psycholog ical theories which maintains that relations and other processes should start within the state (Walt 1). Similarly, the domestic-interest group challenges the realism theory in its focus on power on international states rather than using that power within the state to serve the interests of individuals and groups. Works Cited Mercer, Jonathan. â€Å"Prospect theory and political science†. 2005 – September 6, 2011, from https://politics.ubc.ca/ Walt, Stephen. â€Å"International relations: one word, many theories†. 2000 – September 6, 2011, from http://www.columbia.edu/itc/sipa/S6800/courseworks/foreign_pol_walt.pdf This term paper on The Intellectual Views on the Concepts of Global Politics was written and submitted by user Le1gha to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Feminine Gospels Essay Essays

Feminine Gospels Essay Essays Feminine Gospels Essay Paper Feminine Gospels Essay Paper How far do you hold with the position that ‘Feminine Gospels is nil but â€Å"Feminist Propaganda? ? ? † ’ In reply refer to 2 verse forms in item. Talk about Title. The Virgins Memo. The adult female who shopped Feminism has been around since the 1910 with purpose and intent. Since so the motion gained impulse and created a 2nd and 3rd motion which have gained acknowledgment in history and still today there are existent womens rightists who kept true to the original feminist motion. However since so have attracted the attending of wannabe’s and females who have been misinformed of what feminism is. are eager to fall in some kind of cause to let females to be treated as â€Å"equals† to their male opposite numbers. Carol Ann Duffy has created a broad scope of books turn toing the literature universe of feminism non merely that is she hailed one of the greatest Feminist writers however I agree slightly with the statement that her book Feminine Gospels which she published in 2002 has a batch of feminist propaganda. : Virgin’s memo is a typical illustration of feminine propaganda as it’s a verse form of the Virgin Mary go forthing a post-state message for her boy Jesus. who harmonizing to the Bible was the boy of God. We can see this as in the 2nd line she says â€Å"son† turn toing Jesus. Duffy uses repeat to underscore merely how bad work forces are at consciousness. this is done invariably by utilizing the word â€Å"maybe† and â€Å"or† as if Mary pulled these idea’s without much idea or encephalon power. therefore by utilizing insistent words like â€Å"maybe† and â€Å"or† Duffy obviously voices her sentiment that females are better at work forces if they are given the ability or in this instance the power to alter things in the universe or do a difference and at the same clip shows work forces in a discrediting visible radiation. Furthermore Duffy besides does this by making a list of the many different jobs Jesus could’ve gotten rid of when he was alive like â€Å"abscesses. acne. asthma† and â€Å"menopause. mice. mucous secretion. son† in other words disputing what Jesus did in his life and minimizing work forces in general. Duffy adopts petroleum and humourous subject to the verse form to show the incapableness of consciousness males have for case Duffy uses crude sarcasm to maximize the effectivity of her point with â€Å"the unicorn’s love† because this beautiful animate being is fabulous animate being and was created by worlds after Jesus left the universe compared to the â€Å"rats† â€Å"giraffes† which are really existent one time once more knocking males. The verse form Beautiful displays males a negative visible radiation throughout as media of work forces dismissed. the nearing power of adult females Either of those could be used as feminist propaganda. Whatever makes adult females look better and work forces look worse. The Virgins Memo A batch of females are warranting what they do as being a womens rightist. But they are NOT womens rightists. They’re merely dorks. Feminism now is covered in obscure generalizations and many efforts to acquire the message out are transforming into statements. and is interpreted otherwise to multiple people and many are contradictory that general understanding seems to be black. Feminine Gospels is a female feel good book that boosts feminine morale by doing males slightly inferior to females.

Methods Of Employee Evaluation And Their Effectiveness Case Study

Methods Of Employee Evaluation And Their Effectiveness - Case Study Example In the first interview, the first step the supervisor needs to familiarize the new employee with the kind of duties they will be required to perform. The next step will be introducing him or her to the other workmates. Lastly, he tells them of the expectations required of them and the company’s policies and code of conduct (Watkins & Leigh 2009). His plan for the day involves ensuring that there are sufficient cleaning materials, that each employee is transported to the place of work and lastly ensuring that all cleaning duties are completed to the client’s satisfaction and in time. The method of evaluation he uses mainly involves punctuality, the completion of duties on time and the feedback he gets from the clients. He describes that work in the 21st century is full of challenges due to the many personality types he has to deal with daily. The work is also complicated by the social-economic demands of the workers in hard economic times. On the other hand, the second supervisor who deals with a non-recruitment work takes the first day to understand the employees’ strengths and weaknesses so that he can assign him the most suitable workstation basing on those attributes. Familiarizing them with the workplace and their responsibilities is also critical. The work plan in a security company is clearly laid down so there is no need for daily preparation. Since there are clearly defined roles, my work is to ensure that they are strictly followed. In this kind of work, the most efficient way to carry out evaluation is by the punctuality of the employee. Another way is how they relate to the staff and clients of the bank. In the business of a security company, how you handle the employees is important as they can be easily poached by other companies. He overcomes this challenge by providing strong leadership and caring for the needs of his employees.

Origin and Development of Pop Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Origin and Development of Pop Art - Essay Example Before the movement, people never thought that art was something that anyone could do. The movement, therefore, brought about a revolution in the West and the western culture went pop crazy within a few years. This work gave birth to realism in pop art. Hamilton developed his art from commercial art sources. This was a time when the influences of advertising and mass communication was setting an important stage in America there were numerous television stations and newspapers that were being published daily. In addition, movies and plays theatres were open at any hour of the day or night, and this served to encourage artists during the 1950s. Besides the visual arts, the Pop Art movement, from 1960s incorporated pop music, mainly rock and roll music. The initiation of this era was a result of the attempt of the US artists to borrow from blues to create a musical style that was impressive to the new movement and its related generation. In the 60s and 70s, the Pop Art development was faced by opposition from the community who found the rebellion of the teenagers as negative to the social structures. However, the gains by the music entrepreneurs and the artists’ promoters made the movement even more strong to the extent that it became relatively acceptable. However, it was still associated with the young and revolt generation that was out to gain independence from the family. This is due to the complete originality and freedom of innovation that has characterized the culture.

The Perfect Knight Essay Example for Free

The Perfect Knight Essay We are made to believe that there are still knights in shining armor out there. That adage was probably rooted from English Literature. Stories of King Arthur and his knights were legendary that it even reached our time. It influences us on how the modern man should act towards the contemporary woman. But what are the characteristics of the perfect knight? How should he feel about love? How does he handle the honor bestowed on him by his king? Was there such a thing as a perfect knight then? The perfect knight being the counterpart of the perfect gentleman of today. We can discuss this by studying four knights: Sir Gawain from the Arthurian stories, Sir Topas from Geoffrey Chaucer’s â€Å"Tale of Sir Topas† and Sir Arcite and Sir Palamon in â€Å"The Knight’s Tale†, also by Chaucer. Sir Gawain is the nephew of King Arthur. He is also a Knight of the Round Table. He is said to be the greatest knights. He is the daughter of King Arthur’s sister Morgause and King Lot of Orkney and Lothian. Gawain is often described as a great warrior. He is formidable but he can be brash. He is very loyal to his king and his family. He is friendly to the younger knights. He defends the poor. He is quite the ladies’ man. He is a great healer because he acquires vast knowledge of herbs. If Gawain’s story were made into a movie, there would be versions wherein he is the hero and there would be other versions where he is the best friend of the hero. There are even some stories where he is the provider of the gentle comedy. However, if a reader who is studying Sir Gawain wants to see him in the best possible light, the best literature would be his search for the holy grail. On his quest, his intentions are pure. However, he is only human. He failed to use God’s grace to see his mistakes. In the Arthurian legends, he stopped his brothers Agravain and Mordred from exposing the love affair between Lancelot and Guinevere. When Guinevere was sentenced to be burned at the stake. Gawain nobly refused to be deployed in guarding the execution. His loyalty to his friend Lancelot ended when his brothers were killed in the battle between the knight and King Arthur. Their friendship turned into hatred. However, when he was mortally wounded in the battle against Mordred’s armies, Gawain apologized to Lancelot for his actions. He asked for his help to defeat Mordred. In Geoffrey Chaucer’s â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† there is a story entitled â€Å"Sir Topas. † It is about a handsome and young knight who is a hunter, archer and wrestler. Every maiden wants to be loved by him but he’s not interested. He rests beside a watering place where he dreams of an Elf Queen. When he awakes, he is determined to find her. He meets a three-headed giant who challenges him in a battle. He accepts it. He goes home, enjoys a feast and prepares for the battle with his finest weapons and excellent armor. Sir Arcite and Sir Palamon, also from Chaucer’s â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† are good friends. They were imprisoned by Theseus, the Duke of Athens. While they were there, they both fell in love with Emily, the sister of Duchess Hippolyta. After Sir Arcite and Sir Palamon both saw Emily, they fell madly in love with her which brewed up a competition between them. Their love for the same woman resulted to their despise of one another.. They were eventually released from the prison. Both Sir Arcite and Sir Palamon tried their best to win Emily’s love in whichever way necessary. They almost killed each other during the process. This is where Theseus stepped in. He arranged a battle for Emily. Palamon prayed for Emily to be his wife, Emily prayed that she married the one who really loved her and Arcite prayed for victory. All prayers were answered. Arcite won the tournament but died before he could marry Emily. Therefore, Palamon married her. All through out the introductions presented in the paper, the views on courtly love and ethical dilemmas can be seen. First off, Sir Gawain. As a knight, he was true to his word. He pleged allegiance to his king (which he did) and to his country (which he also did. ) However, his ethical dilemma was with Guinevere. When he was asked to be on guard as she burned at the stake, he couldn’t do it. As a knight, he respected women. He chose to be true to this promise rather than obey his king’s command. He was a loyal subject to Arthur and a loyal friend to Lancelot. It would have been the case had not his brothers been killed in the battle. That was when he turned against Lancelot. Again, we see an ethical dilemma in Sir Gawain. This time, he chose family over his duties as a knight. He wanted to avenge the death of his brothers. His final ethical dilemma was plotting against his brother Mordred. Camelot was in danger. The only way for Sir Gawain to save his kingdom was to ask Lancelot to kill Mordred. In his remaining hours, he was loyal to his country and kept his honor as a knight. Meanwhile Sir Topas reflects courtly love. He also mirrors the contemporary man which is the hunter. Men prefer to do the pursuing and the courting. Sir Topas had a liege of women pining over him but he ignored every one of them. He sought out the Elf Queen instead. The Elf Queen represents the girl of his dreams. Finally, Sir Arcite and Sir Palamon, like Sir Topas, also show what men of today are when it comes to courtly love. They will do anything to get the heart of the lady they desire. Even today, we hear stories, be it real or in movies, of men who used to be friends but became enemies because they were after the same girl. This only comes to show that Sir Gawain, Sir Topas, Sir Arcite and Sir Palamon view honor and love as motivations behind their actions. Some of the traits reflected in their stories can be seen in the contemporary man. One can therefore say that when a man is a gentlemen, he can pretty much be the perfect knight. The contemporary man, like Sir Gawain, is loyal to his country and to his duties. He respects women and makes sure that they are taken care of. He, like Sir Topas, prefers to be the one doing the chasing, instead of the other way around. True that some guys like aggressive girls but in the end, these girls will not be taken seriously. They will not be respected like that of those girls who were pursued by the men themselves. As for today’s men being like Sir Arcite and Sir Palamon when it comes to falling for the same girl, there are exceptions. Some men give way. They let the other guy have the girl in order for the friendship to not get affected. This is a reflection of honor today. Perhaps there are still knights in shining armor. Men who will put ladies first before themselves. Men who are true to their word and to the promises they made. Men who can be brash at times because of their emotions but will eventually maintain their composure once their logical reasoning kicks in. Honor and love are two qualities every knight take seriously. They pride being honorable and loving to their duties, their country, their families and their women. That is exactly what the modern man is.

A Rhythmic History of Hip-Hop Essay -- Hip Hop Music Beat Essays

A Rhythmic History of Hip-Hop Hip-hop, which originally began more than 20 years ago, has undergone many changes during its lifetime. The music has always remained centered in urban landscapes, with most performers of the music rising up from the inner-city neighborhoods. Throughout its history, hip-hop has centered on the rhythm of the beat rather than the melody, which shows the connection between modern hip-hop and traditional African tribal music, often featuring complex polyrhythms and little to no melody. Hip-hop has also featured heavy bass sounds through out its history, with the rhythms hitting the second and fourth beat of each measure hard with either a heavy bass drum or a bass guitar. Hip-hop beats have evolved in many different ways throughout their twenty-year history, yet they are all centered around rhythm and feature heavy, syncopated bass. For my field report, I chose to compose a number of different hip-hop beats, each one emulating a different style of beat from the history of hip-hop. I composed five different beats. The first is an emulation of a beat from the mid-eighties, the second is based on a gangster rap beat from the west coast during the early nineties, the third is based on a beat from New York City during the early nineties, the fourth based on a beat from the south during the late nineties, and the fifth is based on a beat from New York City during the late nineties. For two of the beats I used samples, which is a common practice in the construction of hip-hop beats. The other beats are all originals, yet they are not as long in length as those that contain samples. The first beat is one that is based on the song . South Bronx. by Boogie Down Productions, which was released in 198... ...t, and it does have a sad and reflective tone to it. My song features a sample from the song "Ballad of the Thin Man" by Bob Dylan. The beat is still repetitive, which has proven to be the one constant between all the beats that I chose to emulate. Most of my beats succeeded in trying to capture the feeling of a different time and a different area in music. As is evident by the difference in the beats that came out of New York, Los Angeles, and the South, whatever area the beat comes from has an influence on how those beats will sound. The time from which a beat came also has an influence on how it sounds, with the old school beats sounding quite different from the modern beats. While hip-hop beats have progressed and changed over time, there have also been constants, such as repetition and rhythmic complexity, that remain as similarities between all the beats.

Denis McDonough

â€Å"What Barack has said is that we can begin withdrawing our troops immediately, and he believes that we can do it at pace of about one to two combat brigades per month. And at that pace, we could get the remaining troops out in about 16 months. This is not an ironclad absolute commitment that at the end of 16 months all of our troops will be out. But he does believe that is the kind of pace that we can do responsibly and safely. † (Interview with NPR, June 2008. ) McDonough has argued for a common-good approach to foreign policy, saying that the U. S. must address problems like global warming and poverty by taking approaches that will benefit other countries as well as the United States. He has spoken in support of a cap-and-trade system and called on the U. S. to make a serious commitment to reducing greenhouse gases. (6) Iraq McDonough opposed the Iraq war from the start and backs Obama’s efforts to withdraw troops slowly from the country, aiming to have all of th em out in about 16 months. He argues that Congress and the president failed to plan for the long-term impact of the Iraq war. He would like Obama’s administration to craft a thorough proposal that lays out what the U. S. ’s specific role will be in Iraq over the next ten years. (7) Intelligence Oversight While at the Center for American Progress, McDonough lobbied for reform of Congressional oversight of intelligence. He argued that Congress must pursue vigorous oversight of the 17 agencies because they operate in such secrecy, ensuring that the intelligence community is behaving constitutionally and lawfully while pursuing their aims effectively. (8) Samantha Power. Q: Though some analysts see U. S. foreign policy woes as a recent phenomenon, you argue that recent foreign policy missteps by current U. S. leaders have exposed and exacerbated long-standing structural and conceptual problems in U. S. foreign policy. Please explain. Power: It is tempting to see Iraq as the source of all our woes now, whereas I see Iraq as the symptom, in some measure, of a number of longstanding trends and defects in American foreign policy. March,6,2008 One example is the US historic predisposition to go it alone. Because we have long undervalued what international institutions have to offer, we believed that we could go into Iraq, and as soon as we declared the mission accomplished, we expected to be able to turn the problem over to others, regardless of how they had been treated in the run up to the invasion. This thinking is very flawed, but not all that new. In a uni-polar world, the Clinton Administration was able to get away with an instrumental relationship with international institutions, but that is harder with the rise of new powers who are willing to challenge the United States in international bodies. It is also harder now that the Iraq war itself has exposed so many US weaknesses. In addition, we long saw international authorization as a luxury, something good for global public opinion, but not very relevant to US national security. But what we have seen, by revealing our indifference to international legitimacy both in the Iraq war and in the practices carried out in our counter-terrorism efforts – the disavowal of the Geneva conventions, prisoner abuse, extraordinary rendition, etc. is that being seen to thumb our nose at international law actually has profound security ramifications, as more and more people seek to take up arms against U. S. citizens and interests. Another longstanding foreign policy flaw is the degree to which special interests dictate the way in which the ‘national interest' as a whole is defined and pursued. Look at the degree to which Halliburton and several of the private security and contracting firms invested in the 2004 political campaigns and received very lucrative contracts in the aftermath of the U. S. takeover of Iraq. Also, America's important historic relationship with Israel has often led foreign policy decision-makers to defer reflexively to Israeli security assessments, and to replicate Israeli tactics, which, as the war in Lebanon last summer demonstrated, can turn out to be counter-productive. So greater regard for international institutions along with less automatic deference to special interests – especially when it comes to matters of life and death and war and peace – seem to be two take-aways from the war in Iraq. Q: Elaborate on your differentiation between ‘power' and ‘influence' as accurate metrics for conceptualizing effective foreign policy. Power: I think that most of us, in a knee-jerk way, tend to conflate power with ‘hard power' – with economic and military power. At the Kennedy School, Joe Nye gave us the concept of ‘soft power' as another component of power. Building on Nye's concept, we would be wise in the 21st century to measure our power by our influence. Influence is best measured not only by military hardware and GDP, but also by other people's perceptions that we, the United States, are using our power legitimately. That belief – that we are acting in the interests of the global commons and in accordance with the rule of law – is what the military would call a ‘force multiplier. ‘ It enhances the U. S. ability to get what it wants from other countries and other players. The third component of influence – along with traditional hard power and legitimacy – is people's perception that we know what we are doing, that we are competent. Here, one cannot overstate the devastating one-two punch of Iraq and Katrina in undermining the global public's and the American people's faith that the U. S. is a competent prosecutor of its own objectives. Even if you disagreed with the Bush administration's decision to go to war, and thought it would do more harm than good, many people assumed that this administration, in pursuing this war, would at least know what it was doing. Whatever its objectives were – again, objectives many of us found suspect or insufficient to warrant the use of military force – we expected this group of experienced professionals to pursue those aims competently, to prepare properly, and to bring adequate resources to bear. We all know now that experience does not translate into competence. The war in Iraq has thus undermined our hard power by overstretching our military and sending us into deficit. It has undermined our perceived legitimacy because we've ignored the will of the international community and committed grave acts of torture, crimes against humanity, and other terrible sins in the conduct of the war itself. But, crucially, as my colleague Steve Walt has put it, we also no longer look like the country that put the man on the moon. Nor does the rest of the world see us, currently, as the country that liberated Europe from two world wars, that devised the Marshall Plan, that helped bring down the Wall. As a result, our ability to get what we want – whether we're talking about ending Iran‘s nuclear enrichment program, halting genocide in Darfur, reforming the UN, or even securing international buy-in for the effort to stabilize Iraq – our influence has eroded such that we are unable to actually achieve our policy objectives Q: You see the U. S. as being more isolated today than it has ever been. Though there have always been ‘America-firsters' among policy makers, why do you think this is especially dangerous now? Power: Traditionally, American isolationism comes about in spurts as the result of very vocal domestic constituencies who believe that engagement with the rest of the world is bad for U. S. interests. Although today there are some in this country who would like to see the United States ‘come home' after its bungled misadventures abroad, most Americans understand that the nature of the global marketplace, as well as the global threats, make this impossible. Yet we are in a period of relative isolation – one that stems less from ascendant Copperhead isolationism at home and more from the way other countries calculate their interests as they relate to the United States. So, in a sense, those countries are retreating from the United States, rather than the United States retreating from them. It's the reverse of what we have seen in the past. What you have are a number of countries -even those with which the United States has long been aligned – who believe that a very close association between themselves and the Bush administration undermines their internal domestic standing. So we see longstanding allies of the United States pushing back against Washington, asserting independent views on everything from global warming and international justice to troubled war zones like Afghanistan, where the U. S. desperately needs the support of its western partners in attempting to stabilize that country. So we are the recipients of isolationism now, you might say, rather than the crafters of it. Q: The focus in discussions of U. S. foreign policy is often on the executive branch, but you place great responsibility on Congress and journalists, and even the public, in relation to U. S. foreign policy. Why? Power: The longstanding habit of governments is to pursue their national interests – to pursue their economic and security interests. That is what governments are for. That is what states are for. The only occasions in which regard for human rights and human consequences are injected into foreign policymaking historically are occasions when the Congress has in sisted upon it or when the press has either shamed the Congress or shamed the Executive Branch into entertaining a broader set of interests which include regard for human consequences abroad. The reason this becomes especially important in the 21st century – in an era of asymmetric threats- is because our systematic neglect of human rights in the formulation of our foreign policy over the years has engendered great resentment. Our abuses in the conduct of the so-called ‘war on terror,' too, have enhanced terrorist recruitment, fueled vitriolic anti-Americanism and, arguably, made it more difficult for us to summon resources from other countries to deal with threats. Human rights abuses have supplied oxygen to the minority of those who hold the United States in such contempt that they want to take matters into their own hands and kill Americans. It's very important, for our national security in the long term, and of course on principle, that human consequences be integrated into our foreign policy, but it's very unlikely historically that this will be done in a top-down fashion. So if the American people or particular constituencies care about particular issues – say Afghanistan, Guantanamo, or Darfur – unless they actually give voice to that concern, whether for its own sake or because they believe that those crises will come back and haunt the United States if they are not dealt with, the only way that the public is going to see their interests in those issues internalized by senior policy makers is if they make it vocally and painfully clear to policy makers that there is a strong domestic political constituency for a change in course. Q: You posit that both the self-image and global image of the U. S. have eroded. How can the U. S. again be seen as a force for good in the world? Power: It's probably going to be a long and windy road to rehabilitation. A crucial step for the United States is to really begin to think in terms of ‘do no harm' and actually ending some of the more egregious aspects of its approach to counter-terrorism. First, in the ‘do no harm' camp: end the practice of extraordinary rendition, where US agents willfully ship terrorist suspects in our custody to countries that we know torture, for the explicit purpose of evading domestic checks on US abuse. Second in the ‘do no harm' camp: close Guantanamo and actually channel its prisoners through internationally respected legal processes. And third, restore habeus corpus to those detainees who are in US custody. To strip a group of individuals – no matter what blood some number of them have on their hands – of the most fundamental constitutional rights sends a signal to the rest of the world that there are two sets of human rights that we believe in: one robust set that Americans get to enjoy, and another much diminished set that those perceived as hostile to us get to enjoy. There are also two sets of individuals – ‘tortureables' and ‘untorturables. ‘ So a first step in our rehabilitation is to rid our conduct of these colossal blemishes on the American character. The second is embedding U. S. antipoverty, anti-disease and democratization policy initiatives within international institutions as part of a grand vision of what the United States actually does stand for – which is trying to ensure that people enjoy the kind of freedom from fear and freedom from want that Franklin Roosevelt promised Americans many years ago. The burden of actually making people secure in their homes is far too steep a burden for one country to handle. We must articulate a vision for human security and then channel US resources through international institutions, which themselves must become more rigorous and accountable. This will over time enhance US standing, but more importantly, it will force other countries – who have delighted in Bush's misfortunes but put little on the line themselves to patrol the global commons – to pick up the slack. Introduction Sen. Barack Obama's (D-IL) foreign policy agenda has emphasized multilateralism and reinvigorated diplomacy to advance U. S. interests. He has pledged to take steps to end the war in Iraq soon after taking office, to negotiate with the leadership of U. S. adversaries like Iran and Cuba, and to revamp the U. S. approach to free trade to bolster labor and environmental protections. Obama has attracted as advisers a number of top foreign policy experts who served under President Bill Clinton. Those advisers tend to be more independent from party orthodoxy on foreign policy issues, analysts say. Obama's top advisers were opposed to the U. S. invasion of Iraq in 2003, although a number of prominent Democrats, including rival Sen. Hillary Clinton (D-NY), supported the action at the time. Obama's advisers generally appear to agree with his belief that it is â€Å"important for the United States not just to talk to its friends but also to talk to its enemies. A New Foreign Policy Vision Obama was elected to the Senate in 2005 and serves on the Foreign Relations Committee. Prior to that, his professional experience was primarily confined to Illinois, where he served as a state legislator representing a Chicago district, and before that, a community activist. He has cited his personal background-his Kenyan-born father and a youth spent in Indonesia-as crucial to the development of his world view. Like other presidential campaigns, Obama's draws on a long list of advisers on foreign policy matters. The most senior include several ranking Clinton administration officials, the Brookings Institution's Susan E. Rice, former National Security Adviser Anthony Lake, and former Navy Secretary Richard Danzig. This is a team that's very reflective of Obama, who has made it pretty clear in his speeches and statements during the campaign that he believes that diplomacy has been undervalued over the past few years and that the United States shouldn't fear to negotiate,† says Derek Chollet, a senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security who advised Jo hn Edwards' presidential campaign. If Obama wins the general election in November, his foreign policy and economic agendas will surely break with the legacies of the Bush administration, experts say. Whether it's our approach to torture, or climate change, or how we're dealing with Iran, to Iraq, to the Middle East peace process you're going to see significant changes,† says Chollet, who is not connected to the Obama campaign. Obama advocates a market-based cap-and-trade system to reduce carbon emissions, and has said the United States should invest $150 billion over ten years to advance clean-energy technology. Obama has also been an outspoken critic of the Iraq war, which he opposed from its outset in 2002. He has said he will withdraw troops from Iraq and refocus U. S. military efforts against al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and Pakistan. National Security Advisers Obama has stressed his commitment to winning the battle against Taliban forces in Afghanistan. He has also vowed that he would pursue al-Qaeda elements into Pakistan, with or without government permission, if he had strong intelligence the group was planning an attack on the United States. Obama's leading national security advisers include: Denis McDonough , senior fellow at the Center for American Progress, is the national security coordinator for Obama's campaign. McDonough was foreign policy adviser to former Senate Democratic Leader Tom Daschle. McDonough has been outspoken on energy and environmental policy. In June 2007, McDonough urged the Group of Eight (G8) to take action to combat climate change, and warned that current levels of development assistance are â€Å"woefully insufficient† to help underdeveloped nations deal with climate change. McDonough has also said that the United States should do more to â€Å"promote the development of our domestic clean energy sector industry. † McDonough said on a Brookings Institution panel in May 2007 that it is â€Å"far past time† for the United States to institute a cap-and-trade system mandating â€Å"very aggressive reductions† in greenhouse gases, with the goal of an 80 percent reduction over 1990 levels by 2050

Driving Practice Makes Perfect

Driving Practice Makes Perfect? Five years ago I decided to get my driving license: I enrolled on a course at a driving school, spent two months learning the traffic rules and a month driving, passed my driving test and in less than a month got into a car accident. It was not exactly my fault, but I was definitely not experienced enough to maneuver successfully in a busy rush hour traffic. Could this accident have been prevented? For sure. The easiest way to ensure road safety is to teach young drivers something more than a superficial idea of what driving is. A safety driving education course must provide an opportunity to drive with an instructor for not less than a year. On the one hand, this will ensure learners get enough support from the instructor who can reveal certain secrets of driving. On the other hand, they will get a wonderful opportunity to practice driving in different weather conditions, which is crucial if we consider the fact that more than a half accidents happen due to rain, snow or ice. Moreover, such a course usually includes intensive practice on a training ground, when a learner can see what happens to a car in case of emergency braking, try controlled skidding and get the idea of the differences in rear and front steering. This means that in real life he or she will react faster and is likely to avoid the accident. In addition, a large part of any safety driving course is devoted to the safety measures that any driver must observe. So, one can watch the documentaries on why it is of utmost importance to use safety belts, child seats and hands-free mobile devices. Having seen the consequences of violating the safety rules, young drivers are sure to become more responsible. In my opinion, a safe driving education course is a simple, yet effective and reliable method to reduce the number of car accidents, which all young drivers are likely to benefit from.