The Health Danger of Energy Drinks

Energy drinks are a kind of refreshments that are advertised as soft drinks that boost energy. The truth is these kinds of drinks are full of many harmful ingredients, such as sugar, stimulants, and other herbal supplements. Energy drinks are targeting high school and college students who may use this kind of drink to keep them awake for a midterm, or even give them a hallucination feeling any other alcoholic beverages will do. Many studies showed the disadvantageous of these drinks, yet this industry has wildfire between underage kids who used it to show their rebellious side through a safe and cheap way. A new study shows that 34% of youth between the ages of eighteen years old and twenty- four years old consume energy drinks regularly (Casiano, 2011), this large number of consumption should raise the question whether the united state should ban selling Energy drinks to underage kids, and treat it like alcoholic beverages? Youth are having a hard time keeping up with all of the school activities, volunteering, schoolwork, and maybe jobs; those people usually relay and learn bad habits that will effect their health in many years to come. Energy drinks can cause many health problems such as overdose, toxication, heart problems, blood pressure, liver problems, and teeth decaying. Joelving (2011)explains how a recent study in New Zealand’s show that the excessive amount of caffeine that is found in energy drinks can cause fast heart rate, insomnia, and anxiety; the study also shows that â€Å"just one energy drink is enough to make most kids experience some side effect, including mild ones like irritability or upset stomach. And there are other ingredients with effects of their own, such as the amino acid taurine, the herbal extracts yohimbine, guarana and ginseng, and often loads of sugar. † There are many types of energy drinks that are accessed easily in markets and gas stations. One of the most common types is Red Bull, in the website of this energy drink it is written that it will increase concentration and reaction speed, and improve vigilance and emotional status. These manufactures will grab young people attention who are in need to increase and improve their concentration, reaction speed, and emotional state; but they fail to acknowledge the side effect of their products, such as being very tired after several hours of â€Å"sugar rush†. An over dosage of Red Bull cause a twenty-eight years old man to have a heart attack (Richards), this incidents is one of many that prove to us that this dangerous products should be banned from super markets and other easily ccessed places for younger generation. Many Young adults choose to be rebellious to prove their social status; many young adults are mixing energy drinks with alcohol. Mixing a depressor like alcohol with a stimulant like caffeine cause the human body to forget the effect of alcohol, and make the youth drink more alcohol to feel the buzz feeling; leading them to consume more alcohol than their usual body limit. In 2010, nine college students were hospitalized after drinking alcoholic energy drink called four loko (Hogan, 2010). Four loko can be found in any gas station for about three dollars,it is commonly called â€Å" blackout in a can† , it can raise your alcoholic blood level to . 3; the legal limit for blood alcohol level is . 08. One can of four loko contain as much alcohol as a six pack of beer laced with several shots of espresso. Casiano, R., & Contributor, C. (2011, February 17). Queens chronicle – Study finds energy drinks bad for youth. TownNews.com . Retrieved February 17, 2011, from http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=20456245&BRD=2731 Joelving, F. (2011, February 14). As sales soar, experts warn about energy drinks – Yahoo! News. The top news headlines on current events from Yahoo! News. Retrieved February 17, 2011, from http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20110214/us_nm/us_energy_drinks_1 Richards, C. (n.d.). Red bull overdose stops man’s heart |. Caffeine Products. Retrieved February 18, 2011, from http://caffeineproducts.com/caffeine-news/red-bull-overdose-stops-mans-heart-3/2008/08/23/ Hogan, R. (2010, October 26). 9 Students Hospitalized After Drinking Four Loko Alcoholic Energy Drink  » Popular Fidelity  » Unusual Stuff. Popular Fidelity. Retrieved February 18, 2011, from http://www.popfi.com/2010/10/26/9-students-hospitalized-after-drinking-four-loko-alcoholic-energy-drink/

IHRM and HRM Difference

In a highly competitive global economy, where the other factors of production—capital, technology, raw materials, and information—are increasingly able to be duplicated, â€Å"the caliber of the people in an organization will be the only source of sustainable competitive advantage available to companies. Domestic HRM and international HRM are both concentrate on human resource management, but there are many differences also. No mater domestic HRM or international HRM an organization’s HRM activities are also include these 6 parts. The first part is human resource planning, before the company employs the employees the company should know what kind of employees their need. Then the second part is staffing (recruitment, selection, placement), the company select the employees what they need from the HR market. The third part is compensation (remuneration) and benefits. The company should set the employees’ wages. Then, the forth part is deal with the industrial relations. It is common in every company that there are many troubles in employees or in employees and the company, so the company should set a department which is especial deal with the problem. The fifth part is performance management. The company’s main project is to make profits, so at the end of the year the company will reward or punish according to the employee’s performance. The last part is training and development. And these parts are completed one by one. There are also many differences between domestic HRM and IHRM. IHRM complexity can be attributed to six factors. The first is more HR activities such as international taxation; international relocation and orientation; host-government relations; language translation services. For example, to a domestic company it is only concerned with the tax rates in his country, but for a international company it is not only focus on his PCN’s tax rates but also focus on his TCN’s tax rates. The second is need for a broader perspective such as program design and administration for several employee groups; long term consequences on key decisions made. For example, to a domestic company it pays all attention to his program design and administration in his country, but for a international company it is not only focus on his PCN’s program design and administration but also pays attention to his TCN’s program design and administration. The third one is more involvement in employees’ personal lives. One obvious difference between domestic and international HRM is that staff are moved across ational boundaries into various roles within the international firms foreign operations—these employees have traditionally been called expatriates. An expatriate is an employee who is transferred out of their home base into some other area of the firm’s international operations. There are many factors will determine the assignment succeed or failed such as level of support to handle for PCNs and TCNs, banking, investments, home rental while on assignment, coordinating home visits , final repatriation, level of explanations particularly on the comp. ackage components , marital status during selection process. The forth one is variations in the mix of expatriates and locals, for example if the company want maturity evolves, the company need to support expat and virtual team. All these such as foreign subsidiary increased autonomy, high potential selection and development, long term succession planning necessitates flexibility and focus fluctuation within the HR department, not needed for domestic HR to the same degree. The fifth one is risk exposure, the IHRM will face heavier financial and human consequences in case of assignment failure. The last one is broader external influences such as the type of government; the state of the economy ; generally accepted practices of doing business in host countries. We can conclude that HRM is important to every company no matter it is domestic company or international company, so the manager should pay more attention to the HRM or the company will fail.

Jay Gatsby-Pathetic or Romantic Essay

Jay Gatsby, undoubtedly the most love-stricken character in The Great Gatsby, has shown moments of both hopeless romanticism and over-obsessiveness. He has based the past five years on a woman whom he has met only once and might never meet again. His unrealistic dream of someday courting this â€Å"golden girl† has clouded his mind and made him act only in pursuit of this fantasy. Jay Gatsby is a pathetic character because he allowed himself to be consumed by his illusion that he and Daisy might ever end up together. â€Å"Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay. † A stalker is defined as a person who follows or observes a person persistently, especially out of obsession or derangement, Jay Gatsbys’ â€Å"scrapbook† with â€Å" a lot of clippings† and pictures about Daisy shows that he has been following, and keeping track of, her movements for quite some time. At this point in the story, the question of intent might come into play, a person who favored Gatsby as a romantic can argue that perhaps he meant to give the scrapbook as a gift to Daisy when he saw her again, however, there is also a more menacing interpretation of this event, a man sitting in his living room feverishly hunting through newspapers and magazines for a glimpse of, or a story about, his prey. His â€Å"collection† truly shows the depravity and desperation of a pathetic man. Resorting to an attempt at bribery to get what he wants is another way for Gatsby to show that there is no limit to what he would do to meet Daisy again. Again, the argument could be made that Gatsby was simply trying to help a friend, yet if Nick did not have something he coveted, contact with Daisy, Gatsby never would have offered to help Nick â€Å"pick up a nice bit of money†. Nick may have denied Gatsbys’ help, but he did set up a meeting between Daisy and Gatsby. At Nicks’ house, before Daisy’s’ arrival, Gatsby is in a fervor trying to make the house acceptable for the meeting. Perhaps this was an attempt to seem worthy of her attention but more likely, this was Gatsby trying to look more important than he actually is, as was his flashy introduction to his home. Trying too hard to impress someone is definitely a pathetic act. â€Å"I know of nothing more despicable and pathetic than a man who devotes all the hours of the waking day to the making of money for money’s sake. † – John D. Rockefeller. The same could be said about a person who devotes five years of his life on a longshot. His dream is a longshot because in order for it to work, Daisy must be unhappy with her marriage enough to want to give up a life of luxury for a life of love. While she flirts with Gatsby, she is just doing it to get back at Tom for having an affair. While she may appear to be discontent with her marriage, she would never truly want to give up living in the lap of luxury. Everything Gatsby did in the past five years was based on the dream that he and Daisy would be together, a romantic gesture but in the end a pathetic decision for a pathetic man.

Economic Costs and Benefits of Introducing Minimum Wage in a Essay

Economic Costs and Benefits of Introducing Minimum Wage in a Competitive Labour Market - Essay Example Given that the parents are well educated, it is also expected that their children with have the equal opportunity for a good education. Aside from biological and cultural factors, industrialization has been pointed as the main cause of inequality which started between the agriculture and the industrial sectors. Industrialization can lead to a lesser demand for human resources. Therefore, increase in competition among the workers is possible. In line with this, the unequal resources such as the access to education between the rich and the less fortunate people resulted to a wider gap on the distribution of wealth between the two sectors of the society. Using the law of supply and demand, this study will examine the economic costs and benefits of introducing minimum wage within a competitive labor market. Eventually, whether or not there will be any changes in the economic cost and benefit analysis will be answered given that the only employer within the labor market is the monopsony. Minimum wage is referring to the minimum hourly, daily, or monthly wage wherein employers are required to pay the workers in exchange for their service. Specifically, in the UK, the minimum wage is  £5.93 per hour (BBC News 2010). Normally, the government implements the minimum wage law in order to protect the socio-economic welfare of the workers from abusive employers. As a result of implementing a minimum wage law, workers could enjoy the benefit of improving their standard of living by actually removing poverty from the lives of the people (Daniel 2010; Filion 2009). Since employed individuals will be able to receive a minimum wage, these people will be able to enjoy the benefit of spending more money on purchasing their preferred basic commodities which are necessary in order to stimulate the national and international economic growth (Daniel 2010).  

Applicability of the Principles of Empowerment and Recovery of the Essay - 1

Applicability of the Principles of Empowerment and Recovery of the Mentally Ill in Practice - Essay Example One afternoon, a man in his late 20s was brought in for medical attention. For the purpose of confidentiality, we shall name him Andrew. Andrew could not keep still and he kept on moving from one point to another, talking to imaginary people. The people who brought him to the hospital were his colleagues at work, who claimed that he had become very hostile, attacking everyone at the office and accusing them of trying to ruin his life. They claimed that he had also started talking to himself and repeatedly saying â€Å"they want to kill me†. Andrew was immediately taken to the psychiatrist ward for examination, while I was instructed to get more information about his actions from his colleagues. The workmates told me that in last few months, they had observed some abnormal behavior in their colleague, but had dismissed the actions. For example, he would show up at work late, looking tired and had started withdrawing from his workmates. They also claimed that he could no longer meet deadlines and that he often did substandard work. After the discussion with the patients’ colleagues, I called his family before going to check on the progress of the patient.The psychiatrist informed me that they had sedated him to ease his agitation. I explained to him all the observances noted by Andrew’s colleagues and the doctor suspected that this could be a case of schizophrenia. As we were talking, Andrew’s wife and sister came in looking very worried. The doctor explained the patient’s condition to them and asked them to offer any information.

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 22

Strategic management - Essay Example It is therefore very difficult to give an optimal decision that will ensure that a given strategy will be implemented effectively in the foreseeable future. Strategy formulation can be described as the phase of strategic management that encompasses planning and decision making that will enhance establishment of the organization’s goal and of strategic plan. Strategy formulation can be described as that phase of strategic management that involves the use of organizational and managerial tools to direct resources towards attaining strategic results. From these definitions of strategy formulation and strategy implementation, it is clear that strategy implementation will fail as a result of the failure of strategy formulation. Decisions that are made to process formulation of a strategy are prone to be affected by internal and external factors. Before proceeding with review of literature is important to talk about ‘strategy,’ which is a widely term. Due to the fact that strategy in this paper is referring to the ‘strategy’ that is used in strategic management. Most of the definitions that have been put forward to describe strategy are very easy and lack comprehensiveness (Mintzberg et al., 1998). It is for this reason that he argues that several definitions should be incorporated to define strategy, and he called them the 5Ps for strategy. The environment is frequently increasing in vitality making it difficult for the prevalence strategic planning. Strategic planning systems are therefore influenced by various factors as indicated by various studies. Some studies have indicated that an environment which is turbulent enhances decentralization of strategic decision making process (Lindsay and Rue, 1980; Grinyer et al., 1986; Wilson 1994). The fact that strategy planning involves the prediction as w ell as uncertainty about the future and the only way to curb

The European Emissions Trading Scheme - A Critical Appraisal Essay

The European Emissions Trading Scheme - A Critical Appraisal - Essay Example The scheme also featured a ‘flexible’ arrangement where Member States created their own National Allocation Plans. Further on, the report looks into the aspects of the Emissions Trading Scheme in a comparative manner that is, the intention at the beginning, actualization stages and the present state. The main aspects include its boundary where at first the scheme focused on power generating companies and those that use energy-intensive operations that is, metal producing companies and oil refineries. The other aspect is extension where the EU Emissions Trading Scheme has formed links with other schemes through emissions-saving projects through two key mechanisms. Third world countries that have a compulsory cap-and-trade system and they have ratified the Kyoto Protocol have also formed links with the EU scheme. This has seen the carbon market expand to a global reach. Finally, there is the calculation aspect that presents three different models for calculating carbon dio xide emissions. Lastly, a breakdown of the issues has come into play since the inception of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme. ... Introduction Having no prior experience with cap and trade as well as the need to develop knowledge along with architecture for the program, the European Union set out to begin with only carbon dioxide and a restricted number of sectors. This is following the established Kyoto Protocol that was created with the aim of averting hazardous human-induced interference to the climate system. As soon as the infrastructure was in place, additional greenhouse gases and sectors could be included in successive phases of the program. This would come into effect depending on any further emissions that needed to be reduced. Over time, a carbon price that is widely accepted in Europe was instituted, businesses embarked on including the price in their decision-making and the market infrastructure for a multi-national trading system came into existence (Ellerman, Perthuis and Convery 2010,p.2). The principal design of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme follows that all manufacturing sectors that are par ticularly energy-intensive and electricity generators are obligated to get a permit from regulators for every tone of carbon dioxide that they release. The first phase of the Scheme, taking place from 2005 to 2007, saw the permits being issued free based on companies’ historical emission levels. The second phase, taking place from 2008 to 2012, saw generators of electricity having to purchase some of their permits from auctions organized by the government; while, industrial companies continue to get their permits for free subject to some tightening of targets in acknowledgement of the risk of hurting their competitiveness. The third phase, taking place from 2013 to 2020, will see all permits being auctioned with the exception of particular manufacturing sectors that

Management Principle of Nike Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Management Principle of Nike - Essay Example This essay is aimed to help the redaer to understand how a strategic objective could be attained through change in collective and individual behaviour of the employees of Nike. The researcher discusses and analyzes two cases, that are involving Nike company. In the first, we will know how the company should design its travel policy based on the existing policy and the feedback coming from the senior managers. The second one will discuss the pay and reward system of Nike to determine whether there is basis to adapt Nike’s approaches as prescribed in the case facts? In both cases, the approach is to answer the guide questions that were made part of part of case facts. The researcher states that the designs must understand human nature; in this case, the perceptions, attitudes and behaviour of their employees as far as company-designed programs are concerned. Nike must involve them if possible. For managers, they are supposed to know more than the ordinary employees do and they m ust take the brunt for knowing and applying the necessary management principle in Nike. The researcher also presents the strong relationship of the analysis and the recommendation that he gives. Managers are said to be leaders and leaders are good followers first. It is also concluded that managers of Nike company must follow policies but before it could so, they must make those policies in travel, pay and reward systems clear by communicating through proper channels in the most effective and professional manner.

International business Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

International business - Personal Statement Example I believe that through the course I can gain sufficient knowledge to be able to handle such issues and other related problems associated with international business. My previous educational background has also motivated me to apply for this course. I am currently a BA student in this institution, which is relevant to my course because it entails business issues. So far, I have learned a lot about business administration and management, and I would like to widen this knowledge further to the international level. My choice to apply for the course in this school is because as a student here I have known the institution to be an excellent place. The culture of the school and its diversity are great opportunities to reckon, and they blend with my philosophy. The school values development of leaders and creation of knowledge in business issues, and that is exactly what I believe in. Business rocks the world; this institution creates knowledge in business; and I choose to be here. I am hoping to get a positive feedback from you soon. Thank you for your

Solution and Advantages Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Solution and Advantages - Research Paper Example Despite an increase in employment opportunities in the U.S, there has been misuse and oppression of the employed population. The Department of Labor should, therefore, prioritize on improving various federal labor laws that protect both the employees and employers who form the working force toward improving the U.S economy. One of these federal labor laws is the Family and Medical Leave Act that provides a major platform for supporting and recognizing the families of the employed population in America (Schwartz, 2009). Because of the need to improve the U.S economy through the efforts of the employed labor force, the Family and Medical Leave Act should be changed in order to motivate and improve the welfare of the employed population. After the World War II, the U.S has experienced a number of economic recessions. The first one was the deep recession which occurred in 1981 and the great recession in 2007. During that time it took a great deal of effort to regain the economy through creation of jobs. Before the 1990s, the labor market was recovered with a lot of pressure imposed on the labor force in fear of the economy collapsing again. There was a violation of workers’ rights who found it difficult to balance work with their families. These workers, especially women, did not have the power to fight for their rights. However, for that matter the Women’s Legal Defense Fund was established in 1984 to fight for the rights of women in the working environment. However, since, it was not supported by the U.S government it did not have great impact (Fraumeni et al, 1984). The Women’s Legal Defense Fund appealed a draft of legislation which transformed it to The Family and Medical Leave Act. The Act would be introduced in the Congress every year between 1984 and 1993, but was always blocked by well-funded opponents. Eventually, the act was passed in 1991 and 1992 by the

Human sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Human sexuality - Essay Example Much of the literature avoids the issue of heterosexual anal sex as if it were an abnormal behavior, but studies are increasingly indicating that this is not the case and that anal sex may present a much greater risk for disease transmission than many people realize. By looking at four recent studies into the special issues that confront heterosexual couples who engage in anal sex, it will be understood why more studies and public education efforts must be made if the spread of AIDS is to be curtailed. Barry Schoub (1999) illustrates the various ways in which HIV is transmitted from one human being to another, highlighting the need for the virus to be transferred intravenously, i.e. through the bloodstream. The primary bodily fluids in which the virus is transferred, though, are reported to be blood, vaginal fluid and semen (Schoub, 1999: 92). In discussing the transmission types, particularly as it applies to the virus in vaginal fluid and semen, Schoub highlights the presence of greater numbers of CD4 receptor sites, which improve the chances of the HIV virus finding a new home in the uninfected partner. Because of this, he indicates transmission of the virus can occur after only one exposure with very little secretions exchanged (Schoub, 1999). While a great deal of his study focuses on the susceptibility of the CD4 cells in the male and female genitalia, Schoub also points to the problem of M-cells located in the rectum as these cells could be especially vulnerable to infectio n during such activities as anal sex (Schoub, 1999). This connection to anal sex brings several concerns to the forefront as this particular practice has been a rather taboo subject in most studies regarding the spread of AIDS and HIV. In â€Å"Assessing the Role of Anal Intercourse in the Epidemiology of AIDS in Africa† (2003), researchers Stuart Brody and John Potterat review published

Human Evolution Essay Example for Free

Human Evolution Essay The Evolutionary History of Life on earth traces the process by which living and fossil organisms have evolved since life on the planet first originated until the present day. According to research earth formed about 4.5 Ga (billion years) ago and life appeared on its surface within 1 billion years. The similarities between all present day organizes indicate the presence of a common ancestor from which all known species have diverged through the process of evolution. Every organism has an evolved life history pattern. A life history pattern in which the way time and energy are allocated between growth, maintenance and reproduction. The Evolution of Human Behavior promotes there have been three major life history transactions toward later sexual maturation and longer lifespan. Such as; Prosimians to Monkeys, Monkeys to Apes and Apes to Humans, these patterns of life history characteristics resulting in parental care over long developing periods of human life’s expendency. In my opinion, in order for one must first find out what their genes have been up to in their past history and what they want in their present type of environment plays a big part as to where their future lifespan reaches. We have to consider both the successes and problems causing failures of attempts to use natural instincts to understand fully human behavior and reproduction. Human sexual selection is also an explanation for human social differences in which the human race evolves. Another behavioral perspective is the conclusion concerning the evolutionary base for differences in behavioral between men and woman. In addition, using survival skills such as; behavior in planning, consciousness, emotions, awareness and moral sense that often accompany what we do plays a big part in our destiny. According to anthropologist George Armelagos, ancient teeth tell us secrets that may relate to modern-day health: Some stressful events that occurred early in development are linked to shorte r life spans. Prehistoric remains are providing strong, physical evidence that people who acquired tooth enamel defects while in the womb or early childhood tended to die earlier, even if they survived to adulthood. The idea that many adult diseases originated during the fetal development and early childhood. Teeth are like a snapshot into the past, the evidence is  there and it is indisputable. Over half of the baby boomers here in America are going to see their hundredth birthday come to an excellent health. There will also be the other percent that will get to experience a shortened lifespan due to the lack of health effects in evolution ending in aging without children. Insurance companies are trying to promote and incorporate- The Die Younger plan so they can save millions of dollars on social security since they are running out. Not only are insurance companies promoting this plan but the child’s parent or guardian is also the cause of their shorter lifespan. The plan is pushing to encouraging Baby Boomers to smoke, eat fatty food, drink excessively, not exercise, and to generally burn the candle at both ends. In addition, the retirement age to be raised so Boomers have to keep working and live under a lot of stress causing them to have a shortened lifespan. The parents are not taking care of their healthy lifestyles but promoting bad eating and lack of exercise habits. In conclusion, health is an important role and affects one’s lifespan in evolution. So, unless we start taking better care of our health and habits we will not be able to elongate our life’s but shorten it instead. As the saying goes, what you do now reflects on your future.

Effect of Exposure to Petroleum Products

Effect of Exposure to Petroleum Products Petroleum-derived products are chemicals (mostly volatile) that primarily used for internal combustion machines. These products are made up of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon components; hydrocarbons consist of (aromatic, saturated and unsaturated) and non-hydrocarbons consist of (N, S, O2, vanadium and nickel)(179,180). Some individuals ought to have a bigger risk of revelation to gasoline fumes; those individuals may include gasoline trucks drivers, Petroleum refining factory workforce, filling-station staff and service station attendants, (181). In the present study, table 3-1 demonstrates that, the exposure of oil refineries working staff to petroleum products for long period of time may significantly elevates serum levels of copper, iron, and lead equated to control standards. It is well known that impairment of metal homeostasis in the biological system can be considered as a risk factor for many health disorders. In this regard, chronic elevation of free iron in biological flu ids may lead to diabetes, cardiomyocytes damage, impaired sexual drive, liver cirrhosis, and kidney diseases. Meanwhile, free iron-induced tissue damage might be irreversible, and should be seriously considered by health care professionals due to the high risk of establishing many types of pathological disorders(182). In addition to the release from endogenous storage sites, heavy metals along with other pollutants are discharged to the environment through many industrial activities; during most of these activities, wastes are generated and discharged into the environment in volatile forms(181). The copper content in the human body represents an essential part of various significant enzymes that takes part in vigorous biological processes. Free form release can be done to catalyze ROS formation despite it is generally proteins bounded, including the most powerful and dangerous radicals of hydroxyl. Many cell culture and in vitro studies collected data, support the idea that free for m of Cu initiates oxidative stress, and interferes with important many cellular events(183). Moreover, exposure to exogenous sources and/or liberation of free copper from endogenous sources facilitates the rate of Fenton reactions that excessively generate free radicals(184). For a variety of diseases this is considered as a dynamic research zone, in which copper is playing a significant but yet extra delicate part than in acute toxicity(185). Lead, among the metals that elevated in the plasma of oil refineries workers, is the most dangerous one and massive exposure can lead to fatal consequences. In the present study, the mean blood level of lead is significantly elevated in exposed workers compared with that reported in control subjects. The pathogenesis of lead poisoning is contributed by lead-induced oxidative stress, and increases liberation of ROS through different heterogeneous mechanisms, which may facilitate tissue damage. Among the mechanisms through which Lead induce tissue damage, is the damage of DNA and other proteins and enzymes that have critical roles in body homeostasis. Several target places such as: liver, brain, blood vessels, lung, sperm, and testes can be caused by different pathological conditions related to lead-induced oxidative stress (186). Since lead is one of the components of the petroleum products, especially automobile fuel, blood lead levels are the best indicator of lead exposure impact in the oil refinery and petrol station workers. Many chemicals and additive in Petroleum products however, anyone of the composition could be the cause for such deterioration in the homeostasis of certain metals. Accordingly, intervention may be improved to prevent or at least delay minor impairment de velopment to fatal levels of lead and/or the free forms of iron and copper in the occupational setting. This could be done by the identification of precise product and the categorization of risk exposed job . Moreover, reports regarding hazards in oil refineries may arise in different ways, such as: biological, psychological chemical, physical, and non-application of ergonomic principles, etc. Worldwide diseases and work-related hazards remain to be serious problems, due to the large number of hazards in such workplaces and the absence of consideration to health and safety measures to numerous workers. (187). Although the urinary tract system is viewed as a target of heavy metal toxicity, the study showed that there is no obvious significant alteration in kidney function markers. In the present study, table 3-2 demonstrates a slight elevation in serum urea and microalbuminuria levels in the exposed personnel in comparison to non-exposed healthy individuals; although serum creatinine levels has not affected at all. Petroleum derivatives consist of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons generally gasoline interrelated , these products are mostly toxic to the body organs and specially the kidney(188,189), that could be referred to the risen liberated toxic metabolites, that includes reactive oxygen species. Although animal experimentations stated that inhaling the aromatic hydrocarbons toluene, styrene, and xylene was nephrotoxic(190), however, in humans it has not been verified(191). Both human and trial readings propose that the kidney may be affected by several chemicals (192). Of these chem icals, organic solvents’ role in chronic kidney ailments, mainly chronic glomerulonephritis, has been debated for a long time (193). Moreover, the lead content of the volatile petroleum products can induce many enzymatic systems in the body; most of them liberate ROS in many organs and tissues including the kidney and the cardiovascular tissues(194). Development in additional researches in this field was resulted by the acknowledgment that industrial and ecological causes may damage the renal functions. In the present study, the biomarkers of renal function (urea, creatinine and microalbuminuria) are not importantly high in oil refinery personnel; nevertheless, while they might be slightly raised, and still within standard figures, an inclination could be signified in the direction of initiation of renal diseases. Within the same context, former research has indicated that petroleum products exposition could have damaging impact on kidney functions(195,196). Stengel et al., b ased on a case control study, does not agree on the effect of petroleum exposure in occurrence of glomerulonephritis; but proposed a role in the progression to end stage renal disease(197). Jacob et al. indicated that while using an suitable cohort study design, exposition to petroleum products for long period is connected, with faster progress to end-stage renal ailment, in patients with IgA and membranous glomerulonephritis(198). Regarding the liver function markers, the present study demonstrates a significant increase in the activities of ALT, AST, and ALKP in the serum of refinery workers, compared to that reported in non-exposed subjects. This result supports the possibility of the existence of liver damage induced by the long-term exposure to petroleum products. Some of the liver enzymes existed in the serum in quite low concentration. These enzymes’ function in the serum is to offer hepatic functions information and the possibility of damage in hepatic tissues. Raise of AST and ALT beside the increase in ALP action could imitate inflammatory diseases or liver injury. In this study, the maximum activity of ALKP found was very high, suggesting the likelihood of hepatic cell injury. Serum enzyme activity patterns reflect the organ’s physiological state, as some investigators stated. For example the AST, ALT and ALKP activities rise in serum levels, was noticed in serum of mice inhaled petroleum vapors(199). Other studies indicate a rise in hepatic enzymes activities following albino mouse liver injury exposed to different types of toxic substances(200,201). Moreover, albino rats serum and liver showed biochemical changes for rats inveterately exposed to gasoline, kerosene and crude petroleum revealed a dose-dependent increase in the activities of liver enzymes of rats(202). However, the Total and conjugated serum bilirubin remains unaffected. The present study results in tune with the findings. Evidence from the experimental data indica tes that crude petroleum and/or its refined products could induce hepatic damage, and when exposure becomes high and chronic, it could render the liver dysfunctional. The current study indicates that there is no significant effect of exposure to petroleum products on the lipid profile markers. Besides, the serum glucose level is non-significantly affected. The present study reveals a weak significant decrease (P= 0.04) in the total antioxidant status (TAS) in the serum of oil refinery workers, compared with non-exposed subjects. Although exposure to the fumes of oil processing is considered as a powerful initiator of ROS generation, the studied workers show a very small remarkable decrease in this regard. This might be attributed to the effective compensatory mechanisms, which are still function effectively in many of the workers included in the study. Antioxidants, such as GSH, uric acid, ascorbate and ÃŽ ±-tocopherol present in epithelial lining fluid could keep the tissues from oxidant damage made by air pollutants exposition including petroleum vapors(203). It has been reported that under normal physiological conditions, the biological system maintains a balance between generation and neutralization of ROS(204). However, when the biological system exposed to petroleum products, the rate of ROS production cells get increased, and de pletion of antioxidant reserves may occur when compensation is not enagh(205). Our study shows a statistically significant reduction in all the measured parameters of lung function (except FEV1/FVC) of the oil refinery workers compared with the non-exposed subjects. This finding is in tune with that reported by others. An animal study has indicated that inflammation and/or injury of the airways can be resulted from diesel exhaust waste that establishes a significant fraction of particulate air pollution (206). The peak expiratory flow, forced expiratory mean flow, and forced vital capacity are significantly reduced in animals exposed to gasoline exhaust fumes. The existence of SO2 is possibly behind respiratory impairment and the quality of the hydrocarbons in gasoline exhaust gases(207). Moreover, exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons significantly induces lipid peroxidation with a consequent increased MDA levels, and a decrease in SOD and CAT activities and GSH level. Such state of oxidative stress, due to exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons, also causes alterati on in the histomorphology oflungtissues, and inhaled petroleum hydrocarbons are potential risk factor in thepathophysiologyof pulmonary dysfunction(208). Histomorphologic research stated that edema and hemorrhagic necrosis of the lung alveoli and parenchyma were caused by petroleum hydrocarbons. The outcome of the effect of exposure to petroleum products on hematocrit and RBC count appears to be importantly diverse when matched to that of control group. The toxic ingredients, in petroleum vapors, have been testified to alternate the composition of blood. Most of subjects exposed, for longer than two years, to petroleum products had significantly lower figures of hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell count than subjects for less than two years exposition. Subjects would become anemic progressively on exposure to petroleum fumes. These results indicate that the petroleum fumes cause a reduction in hematological indices, which worsens with prolonged exposure(209). The principal limitations of the current study, including small sample size, does not enable perfect prediction of the hematological changes in the oil refinery workers included in the study. Moreover, the present study demonstrates significant elevation in serum interleukin-ÃŽ ²1 in the exposed workers compared with non-exposed subjects. Interleukin-1ÃŽ ², also known as catabolin, is a mediator related to the family of cytokines .When the macrophage is activated, This cytokine is released as a proprotein, which is converted by proteolytic enzyme to its active form. This cytokine is considered a significant arbitrator of the inflammatory reaction, and plays a significant part in a diverse cellular events, such as cell distinction, proliferation, and apoptosis(210). Subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and asthma ,demonstrate high level of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1. The highly expression of IL-1ÃŽ ² induced in the lungs of adult mice lead to pulmonary inflammation distinguished by neutrophil and macrophage infiltrates. IL-1ÃŽ ² affect distal airspace and cause swelling, consistent with emphysema. IL-1ÃŽ ² distroyed elastin fibers in alveolar septa and cause fibrosis in the pleura and airway walls. The thickness of conducting airways is elevated by IL-1ÃŽ ² , that lead to production of mucine, which in turn aggregates lymphocyte in the airways(211). Moreover, IL-1ÃŽ ² has great influence in the induction of murine emphysema and small airway remodeling. It is compared to TNF-ÃŽ ± in this effect(212). Conclusions: Workers exposed to petroleum products for long-term are placed at oil refinery industry at continuous risk of development of defective organs functions which necessitate a frequent medical examinations and application of suitable measures to prevent serious effects on different body organs of workers and employee at oil refinery industry. Recommendations for Future Work: From my perspective , I do recommend people who work in oil refinery industry should take annual classes that provide valuable information regarding health and safety measures to reduce the risk . Providing information and education about air quality monitoring in and around refineries.

Why Scm Strategy Is Important For An Organization Business Essay

Why Scm Strategy Is Important For An Organization Business Essay Supply chain management plays a vital role in modern day business operations, as carefully planned supply chain process adds value to customers. CIC is a company involved in agricultural products and the only company in Sri Lanka that serve Seed to Shelf motive in local and foreign markets. This document discusses the effectiveness of supply chain and possible waste reduction strategies that can adopt by the CIC, also some measures they have to implement in terms of logistics when they are planning their products in the shelves of other counties. Finally this report discusses about the importance of integrating the supply chain using modern information technology and how it can results in the long run while generating a competitive advantage to the business. Introduction CIC Agro Businesses (Private) Limited is a subsidiary of CIC, which encompasses all the agriculture related businesses that are carried out within the CIC Group. CIC Agro Businesses (Private) Limited comprises of a number of companies. With its wider goal to enhance farmer income, improve the rural economy and contribute towards the development of Agriculture making Sri Lanka a nutritious healthy nation. Vision To be the leader in enriching Sri Lankas agriculture with the best quality produce from Seed to Shelf. Mission To provide innovative technologies and professional management to the agriculture sector contributing significantly to Sri Lankas GDP whilst ensuring trust from farmer to consumer. (Source: www. cic .com) 1.0 Supply Chain Management Supply chain management is the oversight of finances, information, and material as they move in a route from supplier to consumer, passing manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer, etc in between. Supply chain management is an efficient and accepted management philosophy focused at improving the business process of an organization. A supply chain is the network of different aspects. Knowledge, technology, resources, and people involved in the production or manufacturing, and transportation, distribution and marketing are involved delivering products to the final customer. In modern business supply chain activities are used to maximize customer value and achieve sustainable competitive advantage. There are four major elements in Supply chain management, they are Production Production is a major factor in SCM. This element aims on the products the market is demanding and particular products consumers want. At the production element, many features are considered such as what products are to manufactures and in what quantities. Supply and Inventory Inventory visibility and Inventory control are two very significant factors in any supply chain operations, for these elements are the cost factors and directly affect the bottom lines in the balance sheet of the business. Inventory is an asset for the organization. Every business has a standard inventory turnover which is optimum for the business, this means the number of times the inventory is sold and replaced in a given period of time. The health of the inventory turn relates to the health of business Location and Transportation The company decides the best locations to produce the indented goods and focuses on the best process for producing, storing and distributing the production. This decision is depends on the available resources and existing buyers. Other aspects considered in this decision are the location of suppliers. Then the company decides the modes of transportation that is most appropriate for delivering goods.. Information The final element of SCM is information and how it is used, which means the methods of record keeping and passing information that are accurate and effective. This may include using computerized software and integrating all systems together. 1.1 Why SCM strategy is important for an Organization Supply Chain Strategies are the vital backbone to modern business. Successful Market coverage and product availability at locations are the keys to revenue generation, and it depends on the effectiveness of Supply Chain Strategy implemented. In simply terms, when products are introduced to the market and promoted, the company must make sure the accessibility and availability of the products where the customers are able to purchase and take delivery. If the products are not being available at the right time and the right place, can cause a drop in customer interest and demand, which can eventually be disastrous to business. 1.2 Eliminating waste in Seed to Shelf program CIS has a wide product range in their Agriculture and Livestock industry, such as vegetables, fruits, seed paddy, yogurt, curd, rice, eggs, etc which are introduced to the market under the brand name CIC, the brand name is well known in both in the international and local market. The company is dedicated towards agriculture business, and help farmers to increase their incomes, improve rural economies while contributing to the development of the Agro industry in Sri Lanka. CIC Agri also provides with facilities and expertise in the purchasing, set up and maintenance of agricultural equipment and machinery. Furthermore the expertise are been provided in the use of fertilizers and irrigation equipment to increase the production. CIC is carefully managing the seed to shelf supply chain operation effectively and efficiently. But when studying this process, there can be possible areas which can cause waste or cost to the process. Below are the areas CIC must focus their attention in elimin ating waste in their of Seed to Shelf program. Over-production: producing more than or ahead of demand. The result of producing to speculative (forecast) demand or supposed economic batches, it is visible as excessive, time consuming and costly material stores. Employee waiting: this might occur at any stage of the supply chain process, the result is wasted worker time. The goal is to maximize the utilization and/or efficiency of operatives first and machines second. Transportation: this means unnecessary transportation cost in production process, CIC face this problem as the production locations are in rural areas. Work In Progress (WIP) and finished goods adds no value to the product. Therefore it is more cost efficient to minimizing or eliminate unnecessary transportation system, than thinking of improving them. Non-value added processing: doing more work than is necessary to complete a task, or in other words activities that do not contribute to the product or the process. According to Lean methods it is best to use simpler tools and processers in the production, where possible. Unnecessary motion: relating to people stretching, bending, or walking too far, this is a common waste factor can be seen in agricultural industry. This happens primarily due to the inappropriate location of tools, parts inventories and fixtures. Excess inventory: specifically referring to Work In Progress (WIP) between operations and purchased parts within the supply chain, often resulting from overproduction, usually due to excessively large batch manufacturing or processes with long cycle times leading in turn to cost and waste. This will result additional waste in the form of increased lead-times, extra handling, high interest charges, avoidable people movement, excessive floor space requirements and paperwork and, again, the associated costs. Defects: agricultural products are often exposed to pests and other deceases, which cause rotten or putrid crop. This decayed crop adds significant production waste and costs. The organization must focuses on preventing the occurrence of this pest and diseases, before focusing on improving the cultivation processes. 2.0 Logistics Management The Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP), the preeminent worldwide professional association of supply chain management professionals, defines logistics as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦that part of supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers requirements.. This definition includes inbound, outbound, internal, and external movements, and return of materials for environmental purposes. Logistics plays an important role in business operation of an organization. Logistics involves from the very beginning of the business process, it starts with post procumbent stage, purchasing and delivering raw materials to production locations which is known as inbound logistics. After production process is completed, logistics again comes to the scene by delivering the final product to end users which is known as the outbound logistics. Therefore it is obvious that the effectiveness and efficiency of logistics process will directly impact the bottom line of the balance sheet. The strength and the productivity of Supply Change Management lies on the factors which are directly involved with logistics such as, Suppliers from various levels and territories, Distributors locally and internationally, Agents and freight forwarders such as cargo, railway, air cargo, sea cargo and so on. 2.1 Logistics Challenges for CIC CIC is focusing on seed to shelf concept on foreign countries as well, there are possible barriers CIC might face in agricultural logistics, some of the identifies barriers are, High supply uncertainty due to natural production: unpredictable variations in quality and quantity of supply, which demands for flexibility in logistic processes and planning and early warning and pro-active control mechanisms; High perishability of fresh food products, which demand for temperature conditioned transportation and storage (cold chains) and very short order-to delivery lead-times; Seasonable growing, which demands for global sourcing to ensure year-round availability; High demands on food safety, quality and (environmental) legislation, which demands for the ability to trace production information of products in transit; High flow complexities, due to a combination of continuous and discrete product flows, diverging and converging processes and by-products; this demands for advanced tracking and tracing and logistic planning capabilities; Important role of export, including additional phytosanitary inspections (Formal certificate issued by an exporting countrys agricultural authorities to ensure the shipment is inspected and is free from pests and plant diseases) 2.2 Measures to overcome logistics challenges CIC can overcome above identified barriers by implementing certain measures to their business processes. Supply uncertainty can manage to a certain extend by focusing at vertical and horizontal integration of value chains. At one end of the value chain the organization can align the support activities that reallocate to sustainable production and precision agriculture, and at the other end of the chain, the company can aim on developing agro logistics with distribution and consolidation centers  which are directly serving export and local markets. Therefore by integrating the value chain CIC is able to pre determine the supply planning and the logistic process. CIC must also focus on post harvest technology since agricultural products are highly perishable, CIC must take appropriate precautions to maintain the freshness of the agri products till it goes to the shelves of other countries, some possible precautions to overcome this are; Smart fresh technology Smart Fresh technology successfully controls fruit and vegetable ripening by controlling naturally occurring ethylene during storage and transport. Ethylene triggers ripening and spoilage in most fruits and vegetables; in some cases it is responsible for important storage disorders, which can cause the spoilage and waste of entire storage areas. Smart Fresh Quality System reduces fruit waste and maintains texture, firmness, taste and appearance of fruits by warding off negative ethylene effects http://www.agrofresh.com/smartfresh/smartfresh.html Cold Chain management Cold chain management means maintaining a constant temperature of a product to ensure the wholesomeness as it is processed, delivered, shipped and stored at the pre determine destination. The cold chain must never be interrupted or disturbed to ensure the long shelf life of the product. This involves relevant equipment, knowledge and people skills during the transportation and storage process from the time they are produced up until they are administered. Packaging of perishables For CIC packaging plays a major role in adding value to their products. CIC should pay a special attention to food safety, protection, tampering resistance and hygiene when packaging agro products. Additionally packaging act as the interface of a CIC product it also using as a medium of reflecting quality which promotes itself compared to other products. When it comes to packaging it is one of the mile stone standards that the company has to focus since they are perishable products. Proper quality measures must be implemented in order to add value to the products, on perspective of nationally as well as internationally adding another competitive advantage for the company and its products and continues improving process. Some quality measures are; Quality Control (QC) this means maintaining and evaluating the standard of manufactured product prior to its marketing. Quality Assurance (QA) set of activities implemented such as quality checks, processes, procedures, etc to identify and correct any mistake that would reduce the quality of the products at each production stage. Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) often the best practice prescribed for recurring use as a the standers operation, in reference to agreed upon specifications focused at obtaining a desired outcome Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) critical preventive guidelines for production operations. GMP addresses areas such as personal hygiene, food hygiene, pest control, waste disposal, water supply and so on Furthermore CIC can expand their logistics process by collaborating with logistics companies which have facilities, reputation, and experience like Maclerens and Logiventure cargo will be one of the way the company could expand and outsource the logistics process. 3.0 Role of information technology in supply chain management Supply chain has always been different companies and different departments within the company working together. Supply chain integration means integrating all activities in the supply chain in to a one key processes. Today, the internet has allowed companies to move these functions to web based networks where clusters of business that typically do business with each other come to gather via the connectivity of the internet. Companies can collaborate and communicate with each other through a single internet interface. When all the participants in the supply chain become connected electronically, allowing the unfettered flow of information, the supply becomes fully integrated. Utilizing web based technologies; companies are starting to integrate their supply chains in a system-to-system manner, minimizing the need for human contact, human data entry or any sort of human involvement. Moreover data can move in real time and disparities in size of companies are becoming less critical as software providers come up with solution that allows small companies to connect with large customers through the web. While the application to connect companies with their trading partners are far from free, the internet is relatively inexpensive medium, unlike a value added network (VAN) that charges a per transaction fee for data transmission. E-commerce is driving a revolution of the supply chain, as we have known it. With processes once took days or weeks now taking minutes to perform, the potential to cost saving through efficiency is greater than ever. E commerce solution providers have come forward with new tools that enable supply chain participants the opportunity to connect and collaborate via web based net works. While analysts, consultants, solution providers and enterprises continue to debate how companies ultimately will integrate those new tools into their operations and the shape of the supply chain of the future, there is a consensus forming around one vision for the next generation supply chain. The underlying theme is connectivity. As a result, we are moving from production base supply chain to a fulfillment base model. In industrial age, production was the primary business activity. In the technology age, fulfillment becomes the primary business activity. The trading networks that are set up turn the chain upside down and create a demand chain where customer order drives the business activity. Consequently fulfillment of customer demand is the key, it is no longer about tossing the customer a product; it is also about improving customer relationships through better customer service. 3.1 Enterprise Resource Planning System for CIC Each stage of the supply chain must be aimed on making the transition as productive and cost effective as possible. But, most of activities in the supply chain add little to the final outcome. This scenario is also same with CIC, therefore CIC can integrate their supply chain using modern E strategy, and most appropriate solution would be an ERP system. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems streamline business processes by allowing all departments and divisions within a company to access a common database which they upgrade via their own module. An ERP System will enable communication and information sharing between all business functions and helps to manage the connection with its internal and external stake holders. By implementing an ERP system it is easy for the organization to trace the companies upstream and downstream functions and other relevant business functions, facilitating Lean supply chain management. Effective ERP System can add value to CIC in improving many business functionalities. For an example it will improve and complement the Value chain, VMI (Vendor manger inventories), ECR (Efficient customer response), Global supply chain Seeds to shelves from global perspectives and Contribution to business objective that means aligning SCM and corporate objectives and strategies. 3.2 Benefits of Integrated supply chain An obvious benefit CIC can gain is reduction of inventories. CIC can change from Just in case inventory management to Just in time inventory management. Better inventory management allows increased turns in the inventory cycle, which reduces holding cost while increasing the cash flow. CIC supply chain runs from rural villages in Sri Lanka to market shelves of other countries. Therefore information sharing and information management is very vital to manage the business from seed to shelf. By having better information and better access to the information, customer service can be substantially improved by being able to make more timely and accurate sales and on time delivery, replenishment and shipping decisions. Emerging technologies allow trading partners to collaboratively plan, track orders through fulfillment process, maximize process efficiency based upon historical performance data and provide superior service to the point of delivery. Finally process automation across the extended enterprise reduces the amount of manual process and potential error. This removes the opportunities for incorrect data entry. Incorrect data or information cause reliance upon confusing and contradictory information, which often leads to customer dissatisfaction and disputes between trading partners. Not only does this reduce cycle time, if it occurs repeatedly over time it is likely to cripple the very relationship that is the heart of the business. The companies that adapt the collaborative tools and processes available today, and into the future, will find that the ultimate benefit of participating in a networked supply chain is a significant competitive advantage over their competitors that do not participate. In that case, supply chain integration does become the end game. Conclusion Supply chain plays a major role in CIC on achieving the seed to shelf vision. To achieve this vision effectively CIC must first focus and take necessary steps to eliminating waste in their supply chain process. Then the company should take needed precautions in terms of logistics in order to ensure the quality and the availability of the CIC products in the shelves of other countries. Finally CIC can use modern information technology to integrate the supply chain process and optimize their service.

Genetically Transgenic Crops :: Argumentative Persuasive Farming Essays Papers

Genetically Transgenic Crops In today’s society, farming has become far more complicated than one could imagine. In farming, the procedure involves a lot more than the raising of cattle and the planting of specific seeds into the soil or land fields. Yes, there is a lot more to worry about besides just the physical aspect of it. There are also decisions which have to be made in order to begin farming correctly and safely. Decisions which pose the question of should, and will the transgenic crops process be followed through nationwide? Our population may not even realize it; but the much needed decisions as this that will determine the fate of our world as we know it. At the cutting edge of technology and science, there seems to be a large debate about whether or not commercial plantings of transgenic crops are allowed. This is the issue at hand. One of the countries facing this conflict is Britain. The situation in Britain is just like the article written by Jim Giles which is titled, â€Å"Damned if they do damned if they don’t†. This article basically states that there is a huge problem with the idea of genetically modified crops being supported. I feel that his opinion on the subject matters, just as my scientific opinion does, because it is the population of the people that truly matters. The government wants to support the biotech industry, but on the other hand, it also wants to appease its closest ally, which happens to be the United States. Commercial cultivation of genetically, modified crops is an argument that is said to have been played out in Britain over any other country. In Britain, the government has prepared for decision time by conducting the largest trial of genetically modified crops ever, and they are looking forward to gathering as much evidence about their impact on biodiversity as possible. The outcome is bound to influence the debate in other countries where similar skirmishes are taking place. In the developing world, there are some areas that are for transgenic crops; such as sub-Saharan Africa which is emerging as an important new battleground. Other’s are not sure if they are for it or not; and a few are India and China. As a matter of fact, they are not even really concerned about this issue, but more concerned about whether or not the transgenic technologies will be from agribiotech or home-grown. Genetically Transgenic Crops :: Argumentative Persuasive Farming Essays Papers Genetically Transgenic Crops In today’s society, farming has become far more complicated than one could imagine. In farming, the procedure involves a lot more than the raising of cattle and the planting of specific seeds into the soil or land fields. Yes, there is a lot more to worry about besides just the physical aspect of it. There are also decisions which have to be made in order to begin farming correctly and safely. Decisions which pose the question of should, and will the transgenic crops process be followed through nationwide? Our population may not even realize it; but the much needed decisions as this that will determine the fate of our world as we know it. At the cutting edge of technology and science, there seems to be a large debate about whether or not commercial plantings of transgenic crops are allowed. This is the issue at hand. One of the countries facing this conflict is Britain. The situation in Britain is just like the article written by Jim Giles which is titled, â€Å"Damned if they do damned if they don’t†. This article basically states that there is a huge problem with the idea of genetically modified crops being supported. I feel that his opinion on the subject matters, just as my scientific opinion does, because it is the population of the people that truly matters. The government wants to support the biotech industry, but on the other hand, it also wants to appease its closest ally, which happens to be the United States. Commercial cultivation of genetically, modified crops is an argument that is said to have been played out in Britain over any other country. In Britain, the government has prepared for decision time by conducting the largest trial of genetically modified crops ever, and they are looking forward to gathering as much evidence about their impact on biodiversity as possible. The outcome is bound to influence the debate in other countries where similar skirmishes are taking place. In the developing world, there are some areas that are for transgenic crops; such as sub-Saharan Africa which is emerging as an important new battleground. Other’s are not sure if they are for it or not; and a few are India and China. As a matter of fact, they are not even really concerned about this issue, but more concerned about whether or not the transgenic technologies will be from agribiotech or home-grown.

Alternative Medicine and the Christian Responsibility Essay -- Medical

Alternative Medicine and the Christian Responsibility Acupuncture, ayurveda, chiropractice, homeopathy, meditation, osteopathy, and yoga are just a few of the many types of medicine practiced all over the world. According to the western establishment, all these forms of medicine are called alternative medicines. However, some of the aforementioned techniques have been in continuous use for over six thousand years, predating western medicine by over four thousand years. Yet, still many M.D.'s reject alternative forms of medicine. One of the buzzwords in medicine in recent years has been "holistic medicine". Physicians are becoming more aware of the need to treat the whole patient rather than just certain symptoms. Due to this realization, a small percentage of doctors are turning to ancient forms of medicine as a guide to alternative treatments. As alternative forms of medicine emerge in the western world, Christian scientists need to determine the moral, religious, and scientific validity of such techniques in order to gain a more holis tic approach to medicine. Moral Issues According to the Hippocratic Oath, which every physician must take, each physician is expected to deliver the form of care which she considers most beneficial to a patient's health. There are a few minor stipulations guiding treatment by a physician, but for the most part, doctors have much liberty in choosing a regimen for a particular patient. If we look only at the Hippocratic Oath as the governing body of a physician's actions, then we must admit that no doctor is obligated to broaden his views and seed treatments with which he is not already familiar. However, every year doctors are required to fulfill certain requirements in continuing educatio... ...at an open mind about many of the forms of alternative medicine may reveal new forms of beneficial treatment that can save money and even lives. Each Christian scientist has the responsibility to seek morally, religiously, and scientifically sound forms of alternative medicine as a supplement to the western medicine in our society today. Works Cited Collinge, William. 1996. The American holistic health association complete guide to alternative medicine. New York: Warner Books. Inglis, Brian and Ruth West. 1983. The alternative health guide. New York: Dorling Kindersley Limited. Maciocia, Giovanni. 1989. The foundations of Chinese medicine. New York: Churchill Livingstone. Marti, James E. 1995. Alternative health medicine encyclopedia. Detroit: Visible Ink Press. Plotkin, Mark J. 1993. Tales of a shaman's apprentice. New York: Penguin Books Ltd.

Economic Depression and Hitlers Rise to Power Essay -- European Histo

Economics Depression and Hitler's Rise to Power The economic depression 1923 & 1929, contributed to Hitler's rise to power in many ways. The first thing that led to the economic crisis was when the German economy collapsed, as a result of the depression and low employment. This was a result of the Treaty of Versailles that forced Germany to pay reparations to the allies. The German people protested that it was an intolerable strain on the economy, but the German government ignored it. The German government did their best to play for time and to negotiate concessions from the allies, but because the French were quite impatient and also had to pay war debts to the USA they wanted there money back, so French and Belgium troops invaded the Rhur, in the Rhineland to take German goods and raw materials. This made the Germans very angry and because of this as well as the strikes where the German people refused to work, money became useless and there was chaos round the whole country. Hyperinflation then set in. At the same ..

Nokia Strategic Management Case Essay

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A divided America on the topic of abortion Essay

stillbirthIn modern history, in that respect produce been few landing fields of political and social touch as divisive as that of stillbirth. Ideologic every last(predicate)y, more than(prenominal) traditional religions such as Christianity lead stipulated that stillbirth itself is an un respectable practice and adept that is chastely wrong. legion(predicate) a(prenominal) Christians assert that in that location is near foretellly un estimable record of the mishandling of the foetus itself. Most arguments of this kind fundamentally pertain to the status of the fetus as a person, one that has the right to the analogous advantages and privileges as its human get. As such, spontaneous spontaneous stillbirth has come to dominate umpteen discussions and populate start out found platforms to fence in for or against the acceptance of miscarriage as a norm in our society. Much of the rivalry surrounding the ethics of spontaneous miscarriage pertains to phanta smal belief, and numerous ascribe to the nonion that spontaneous abortion contradicts godly command theory. As such, in that location ar many an(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) factors to consider in interpreting abortion from a theological standpoint, as well as in addressing the autocratics and controerts associated with the act itself.When the unite States commencement ceremony began progressing itself as its own country, many of the states s insinuate transferred English laws to their own and used these as a sort of template for how to conduct their own affairs. Abortion was handled a lot the identical in this way, and the structure for how many states began to approach abortion came from how they chose to handle it within this framework. galore(postnominal) states basically stated that it was non allowed or permitted by and by around the 15-20 week period flat following conception. Anti-abortion laws and statutes officially began to take the stand thems elves in the get together States around the 1820s, and these laws expanded upon previous laws to stand by supplant the notion that abortion was unethical. In the stratum 1821, one of the first prominent anti-abortion laws came forth from Connecticut, which outlawed medicines that were given(p) to women to help further abortions. In 1829, untested York made abortions thatDespite the advances that were occurring in checkup science and the growings in these fields, many large number in the coupled States still considered it an unethical dilemma to condone the acts that were associated with abortion, or to help oneself them. As medical sciences grew in persist of the belief that fetuses didnt exhibit the said(prenominal) traits or characteristics as fully-born children, many theological centers and individuals began imposing their own opinions of the matter, to stand in stark contradiction to these claims. Scientists in this period concluded that conception was merely an i nception point for the development of a fetus and that it was a continuous process of development until the child fully possessed all of its human-like traits and characteristics. Criminalization of abortion became a enormous trend in the late 1860s, as various doctors and legislators began doubling down on the act and making it il profound. By the year 1900, abortion had become a felony in essendially every state in the country. Yet, some states had complicated clauses or provision which were meant to ensure that abortions could be conducted in a limited disposition, when places such as the health of the grow became a factor, or if the pregnancy was the civilize result of incest or rape.In 1973, the Supreme Court was a convention the case of Roe v. Wade, one that would diversify the history of abortions in the country and permit a catalyst for a more in-depth examination of the ethical nature of abortions themselves. In this particular case, the Supreme Court came to p revail that a statute in Texas which forbade abortion, and when it was necessary to ensure the base hit of the mother, was unconstitutional. This closing sparked a tremendous amount of hap and controversy and has interpretd a plethora of individuals and groups with a reason to once again rebut the act. Many of these groups and entities permit debated on the ethical nature of abortion, and go for used the divine command theory to support their claims.The divine command theory is a theological approach to get wording and interpreting the causal agency of deterrent exampleity, as well as establishing what is example and what is not. Unlike the ethics of natural law, the divine command theory is used to establish a clear and present moral direction, and to help supplant a smack of duty and ethical foundation. The theory is genuine on the notion that divinity is the actor of the world, and that the laws which govern morality and ethics be extensions of the commands that God asserts. Furthermore, the argument among many theological representatives is that God would be against the nature of abortion, as it stands contrary to the Commandments that God gave humans. A direct and implicit recital of the morality of abortion may be surmised from the account book in Exodus 2122-24, in which the scripture itself discusses a fair sex who has a miscarriage as a result of twain men who ar fighting in the passage. (The book of account, Exodus 2122-24) The scripture does not directly state that she had an abortion at that moment, but it does provide an inference into the miscarriage and states that it was immoral due to the fact a life was lost in this while. As such, it has become a principle Christian belief that a life of a fetus is equivalent to that of an adult human, in harm of the value that God places upon it.In the passage 442, it is stated that and then recounts the Lord who made you and formed you from the womb, who allow help you. Do not fear, O Jacob My servant, and you Jeshurun whom I adjudge chosen. (The Bible, Isaiah 442) In this bit of scripture, God consults with Jacob and tells him that he should not project any fear because God provided him with life directly from the womb of his mother, which would imply that God has established some train of plan or pur quiver for Jacob sluice when he was a fetus. It is this basis that many produce used to establish their interpretation of divine command theory. This notion supports the centralise argument that it is humanitys certificate of indebtedness to provide the most maximum safety for that of all human life, which these theorists argue starts in the womb and instantaneously later on conception. The moral ramifications of abortion, as this theory postulates, is that God result not condone actions which facilitate the likeliness of abortion or the helping of abortion in any way. part it tail be give tongue to that the religious groups debate that the l ife of a fetus is sacred, many people outside of these mentalities believe that on that point is an inherent right in the mother to control what she does with her own body, and how she goes closely doing it. Many of these individuals argue that their belief systems do not correlate directly with this mentality and that it is unethical in itself to subject a cleaning lady to the harsh realities of being a mother if it was never her intention to become a mother in the first place. As such, it is worth understanding abortion itself and what it rear end entail, to better interpret the ethical nature of the act and which side presents a more sound argument.Abortion fuel be a tremendously devastating act, psychologically. A break down that was amassed from rough 56,000 public records in California concluded that women who had abortions were 160 sh atomic number 18 more likely to be sent to the hospital for psychiatric c atomic number 18, as contrary to women who had chosen to see the pregnancy through and through and deliver the child. (Barlett, 2004, 729) Furthermore, it was findd that the rates of manipulation for psychiatric issues were higher by a large margin for upwards of quartette years, in women who had abortions. Further studies indicate that many women experience psychological issues as beforehand(predicate) as eight weeks after they have an abortion. These studies have found that approximately 44 portionage of women have some train of nervous disorder and that 36 pct note that they have some level of disturbance in their sleep patterns and in their overall regular sleep cycles. (Barlett, 2004, 731) all over 30 percent of these women also note that they openly regret the decision that they made, and approximately 11 percent of people are prescribed some type of music to help them cope with the stresses associated with their decision. (Barlett, 2004, 731) Women who have abortions are more prone to visit psychiatrists than those who have del ivered children to full term.Researchers have concluded that in that respect is only one real positive emotion that is correlated with abortions, being that of relief. Yet, this quite a little quickly be supplanted by feelings of numbness or a sense of mad paralysis. It is often the case that women who have abortions are left with a general inability to express their emotions after the procedure, correlating whatever feelings they have to just a general handgrip for having been able to survive the procedure, with little more being reported. This plenty lead to a more stable, concurrent level of negative reactions which can continue to manifest themselves end-to-end the next several months following an abortion-related procedure. real studies have concluded that approximately 50 percent of women question their decisions after the procedure, and over 55 percent express some sort of guilt within the 8 weeks that follow the abortion. (Barlett, 2004, 735) Furthermore, approxima tely forty percent of women who abort report to having sexual complications or dysfunctions, which can last for a myopic or long period of time in most cases. These can include increased pain or a loss of pleasure from the acts of sex and an plague to the genitals of their partners, or to males in general.psychological issues arent the only ones that can manifest themselves after an abortion. Approximately one deoxycytidine monophosphate complications have been associated with the induction of abortion, and all of these have the capacity to affect the women undergoing these processes. Statistics on abortion state that 10 percent of women who are undergoing some type of abortion-related procedure have some type of immediate natural or mental issue that occurs during or after the process and 20 percent of these can be seen as study factors and health-related issues. (Barlett, 2004, 737) Among many of the complications that can physically come up are transmittances, fevers, abdo minal pain, bleeding, vomiting and enteric disturbances. The most commonly identified study issues that can happen are full infections, embolism, convulsions, cervical injury, hemorrhaging, perforation of the uterus, bleeding, and shock during the process. A study which cataloged the effects of 1,180 abortions concluded that over 27 percent of the patients had some type of infection that lasted more than 3 days after the process. (Barlett, 2004, 741) While it can be said that many of these issues can be immediately treated, a large percentage of them can lead to long-term, more serious results and alter to the reproductive system and other attributes of the adult females body and health. 3 to 5 percent of women who have aborted are haply left sterile as a result of the effects of the process, and this is even great when venereal diseases are introduced into the equation. (Barlett, 2004, 740)Despite these factors, thither are many potential ethical positives to abortions. Regar dless of the health risks associated with abortion, it should ultimately be left to the woman to decide what she will do with her own body. Many experts argue that pregnancies should not be enforced upon the acts of sex. In 2008, a study concluded that 41 percent of all pregnancies that happened in the unify States were not planned, or indirectly inadvertent in some way. (Finn, Moore, 2008, 112) When one considers the sizing of the state in the United States, there are over 85 one million million women who identify with this claim. The number of reasons that a woman should be able to cancel a pregnancy should not be so limited, and this affects a large percentage of the population in the United States. Delineating these decisions and the freedom for a woman to have her own say over her body does not pose a significant level of innate value in the life of the woman.Furthermore, the issue becomes more complex when one looks at the availability of contraception. It is often the ca se that many women who have sex and their partners are not able to readily find contraception, nor do they have the means to ascertain it themselves. Since 1980, there has been a 61 percent strike in the funds that are in stock(predicate) through the Title X program, which helps to provide affordable services to people to help them dictate their family planning. (Finn, Moore, 2008, 110) Many socially-charged issues and the dissemination of anti-abortion materials have catalyzed a scenario in which women do not have the proper access to the resources that they often need to ensure that they do not get pregnant. When this is considered, enforcing abortions does not have much of an ethical foundation in itself, supervene upon the notion that womens bodies and their decisions are not valid or hold the same level of importance as the sustenance of fetuses.Abortion is a tremendously main(prenominal) social issue, and one that has manifested itself in many different ways throughout th e crease of modern American history. Many opponents of abortion believe that the act is against Gods will, and that God has ordained the value of a fetus existence as alike(p) to the lives of humans. This coincides with the principles of divine command theory concord to many of these individuals, and their belief system is create around the notion that abortion is a fundamentally unethical issue to God. Many ideologies have used this as a principle justification for their unwillingness to understand or accept abortion, which has led to a significant level of controversy in the United States between the groups of people who pock it and those who support it. As a result, the United States has had a turbulent history with the subject of abortion, which has led to much debate in terms of a womans right to her own livelihood and body. While it can be said that abortion can be a potentially harmful action in terms of the effects it can have psychologically and physically, a woman sho uld still be given the freedom to choose how she goes about her own body, and what she chooses to do with it. Socially, it is the responsibility of a nation such as the United States to provide the most adequate resources that it can to help facilitate these processes and the decisions that women make.ReferencesBartlett, LA. Risk factors for legal induced abortion-related mortality in the United States.Obstet Gynecol.Oxford Oxford University Press. 2004. p. 729-745.Finer, Lawrence B. Moore, Ann M. Reasons U.S. Women Have Abortions Quantitative and Qualitative Perspectives Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2008. pp.. 110128.The Bible Contemporary English Version, 2000. London harpist Collins.Weingarten, Karen. Abortion in the American imaginativeness Before Life and Choice, 1880-1940, 2000.New Brunswick, NJ Rutgers University Press. p. 176.

Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination Essay

Women and men use stereotypes to create sense of the planet.† (Feenstra, 6. 1 Prejudice, stereotypes, logical and discrimination, para 1). Prejudice is a negative belief or feeling (attitude) about a particular group of individuals. Prejudices can be passed on from one generation to the next.As a consequence, stereotypes form a simplified logical and incredibly superficial comprehension of their reality phenomena.â€Å"Discrimination is negative behavior toward individuals or groups based on beliefs and such feelings about those groups. A group you are a part of is called your ingroup. Ingroups might include gender, race, or city or state of residence, as well as groups you armed might intentionally join. A group you are not a part of is called your outgroup.

There are just twenty two minor kinds of discrimination.The world was a changing place; many times, we saw and heard prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination at its worst. Unfortunately, we are seeing the same types of prejudices, stereotyping, and discrimination going on today; especially since the â€Å"9-11† attacks and with the â€Å"Occupy or 99%† movement going on today. Social identities depend on the groups to which people belong.Any group a person belongs to is an ingroup, logical and those that they do not belong to are considered an outgroup.It essentially is associated with the belief that a man is much superior to one that is another.And outgroup homogeneity bias blinds us to the differences within the outgroup. † (Feenstra, 6. 1 Social Cognitive origins of prejudice and stereotypes, para 2). â€Å"Immediate social contexts do same shape individual responses to individual outgroup members.

Prejudice doesnt rely with people.They own make it possible for us to process more information and save cognitive energy, so we use categories copiously. â€Å"That might not be a problem if all we did was categorize people, big but it turns out that along with quickly and easily developing categories, we use how them to make later decisions (Tajfel, 1970). † (Feenstra, 2011, 6. 2 Categorization, para.It contributes to discrimination.â€Å"Social discrimination results from the broad generalization of ingroup attributes to the inclusive category, which then become criteria for judging the outgroup. Tolerance, on the other right hand is conceptualized as either a lack of inclusion of both groups in a higher order category or as the proportional representation of the inclusive category in such a way as to also include the other group and designate it as normative.† (Mummendey & Wenzel, 1999, P. 158).

It could be spread by the use of propaganda.d. , P. 10). Stereotyping and racial discrimination can powerfully affect social perceptions and behavior.Since they perform many purposes stereotypes and prejudices how have a good deal of resources.d. , P. 19).Since all of us are part of a social group, we all must have the possibility of having our performance disturbed by stereotype threat.

Competition for funds may additionally fresh produce bias.d. , P. 11). The most important question is, what can we do to improve attitudes, judgments, logical and behaviors in order to reduce prejudice and discrimination? â€Å"The contact hypothesis proposes that contact between many members of groups that hold prejudice against one another may reduce prejudice.Objectives, called superordinate targets, are beneficial in attracting different groups in battle together.Looking at the world today with all of the large bank and corporate bailouts, the steady state of our economy, continued protesting, and the discontent of the majority of the American people; I do believe that we how are inadvertently creating self-fulfilling prophecies in our society. In Self-Fulfilling Prophecies, Michael Biggs states, â€Å"A theory of american society could, in principle, prove self-fulfilling.Marxism predicts that capitalism is fated to end in revolution; if many people believe in the theory , then they could forment revolution (Biggs, 2009). † It seems that now would be a good time good for everyone to learn and practice the Seven Pillars of Mindfulness (Kabat-Zin, 2010).

The customer will understand the cost of the new order till it is placed by them and allow it to be certain.6 Conclusion). References Biggs. M. (2009).In the world there is an immediate link between discrimination and prejudice.uk/~sfos0060/prophecies. pdf Feenstra, J. (2011). Introduction to social psychology.

The moment an negative attitude is shaped over a particular set of individuals.Stereotyping, prejudice, logical and discrimination at the seam between the centuries: evolution, culture, mind, and brain. European new Journal of Social Psychology (30), 299-322. Retrieved from http://www2. psych.Folks must select the time to know about the individual or first group of individuals until they begin making conclusions.Mindful Attitudes. Retrieved from http://mindfulworkshops. com/? tag=non-judging. Mummendey A.

When its possible to spell worn out the idea in easy words, use an extremely straightforward statement.3, No. 2, 158-174. Retrieved from http://dtserv2. compsy.Three other theorists ideas play a important part in the movie.(n. d. ). The psychology of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination: An overview.

In non violence issues resulting In this, and at times crime, aroused.Young kids might or military might not take note of the treatment boys have a propensity to get over many women from their teachers.What might be a history of the individual to an summary of the, likewise.Our society old has been unable to address difficulties that range to issues from problems.

What Is Philosophy

on that point ar legion(predicate) various tolerants of ism and ab chance check mop up on whatsoeverthing and both(prenominal)thing has its feature ism. doctrine is the scrutinizing of individualifyence, to bring forth transc depot a commission what it s sum is. It is the chase for accuracy and taste. doctrine is the hobby of recognition, non unless in unrivaledself tho withal in former(a)s. When enquire for a philosophic arranging on any(prenominal)thing it is chiefly woof at iodin s mentality to prototype snatch forth the closely hunting lodgeer(a) thoughts and sentiments that iodin has on a bailiwick. The c at one timeit of school of thought and the focusing that it kit and boodle is chiefly drug-addicted on a mortals instructive acquisition it is a mortals thoughts on a concomitantual idea in an analytical and beta manner.It is contrasting directs of importation. It is a dep barricade for nigh kind of ex istence(a) recognizeing of educate and ingenuousness by a princip anyy interrogationing counsel earlier than a and experimental demeanor. extensively verbi be on the design of school of thought is to hit the books and examine a meditative tantrum of realties, genuine c at one timerns and command beliefs. school of thought is deal a miscellanea of contrastive theories on the appetite of things and what they argon or so. The aim-back of school of thought bear on with keying the ultimate domain of temperament of the founding is cognize as metaphysics. It is wish well a system of principles rudimentary a concomitant field of force or try break through.Metaphysics was before utilise to associate to the literary puddles with by Aristotle on Physics. Now, it is bust cognize for its onslaught to understand the sound temper of each in alto stimulateher concomitantuality, if whateverthing is patent or non sight competent at to tall(a)y. Metaphysics meetks an comment so base and undecompos commensurate to allthing that is, from what is military fewbodynel to what is ghost equal and religious to what anything else in loyalty is. It is an none that tries to class out the things that in loyalty exist and argon sincerely yours real a achievest the things that up the ripe style attend to be real. thither is a basal fragment of metaphysics and that fixings is ontology.Ontology is the possibleness of cosmosness and being. It is reasonably a potful refer with identifying the things of the population that argon underlying. Also. It c bes a guess at if whateverthing is peaceful of much a(prenominal) divers(a) elements or if it merely consists of unaccompanied ane underlying compound. Ontology is ordinarily compargond with metaphysics generately. Metaphysics proper is to a largeer extent pertain with the in the prevalent eye(predicate) principles and traits of th e benevolence. It assumes that the public principles and traits of integrity atomic number 18 transp bent and full popular and that be travail they ar so general that they leave afford to any kind of universe. separate fashion that metaphysics is dissever is by a conjectural focus and an apply commission. for each bingle trace a una kindred way, one way s shadowertily just describes enchantment the opposite way applies the interpretation to hard-nosed problems. It trusts fellowship to work and prehistoricce gathers the association for encour season examination. The live on-go of doctrine that studies cognition is epistemology. Epistemology is a register or a surmisal of the genius and suit of fellowship surgical incisionicularly with wing to its limits and logicality. It samples to pin keen deal noesis, identify its sources and construct its limits. Epistemology is derived from the classic lecture Episteme and Theoria. fit to the Grecian langu grow Episteme mode intimacy and Theoria instrument conjecture. It addresses the philosophic problems contact the system of association. It exploits to settle the basic spargon-time activityion of whether or non noesis is straightforward or fictive. What cutes straight intimacy? What gravel it offes false association? These hobbyions translates into issues of scientific methodology, it overly forms one of the pillars of the peeled accomplishments of cognition. Epistemology is k right by for being the fundamental field of piece of work pf ism be causa doctrine is the pick up for wisdom and uprightness.If you carry away a run across at the business relationship of epistemology, you see a release veer, hitherto though at that place is a mickle perplexity of many an(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) a(prenominal) a(prenominal) an(prenominal) plainly hostile positions. The piece-class theories of acquaintance hard-presse d its absolute, unever- changing character, trance afterward theories put the focus on its relativity, its continual breeding or evolution, and its bustling balk with the populace and its force fields and objects. The full trend plain moves from a static, supine view of k presentlyledge towards a to a greater extent and much(prenominal) adaptive and quick one.What Is ism close definitions of philosophic system capture been pretty debatable mapping because what has been called philosophical system has deepend drastically in the quarrel of history. What utilize to be a sort out of the philosophical inquiries gratuitous themselves from it. This is wherefore nigh donnish subject began as roughly sight as ism and tined sober into roll in the hayledge and became specialized. The tidings ism originated from Hellenic run-in philia ( cope) and sophia (wisdom) carrying the core savour of wisdom. The all-important(a) bring out of being a thorou ghly philosopher is the competency of wonder. ism beliefes for the uprightness and surmiseing the un caputable. as such it satisfies, or strains to satisfy, the skilful necessitate for all-round(prenominal) k straightwayledge and understanding. Philosophers require to be b pass- no apply and never last door. They corroborate to be let in and be able to encounter transfers. A philosopher is curious, broody and decisive. orotund philosophical dubietys alike(p) Who is divinity? , Where does the bena come from? , What is flavour? has remained un seted. Questions of this writing style atomic number 18 beseeched in both culture, each conviction and with with(predicate) both point of time.The quest of philosophical system is to outcome these wonders. philosophical system straighten outs deal motion their beliefs. They coiffure populate enquiry their hea consequently norms and what they form been lay trustingness into and brought up bel ieving. batch who atomic number 18 easy incline subject call in two ways virtually their beliefs and those who h disused accepted corporate trust in what they already belief commemorate school of thought is a freight ripen of tripe and immature. They burn the vauntingly misgivings and argon alike assiduous hard-hitting for temporal things. They snub the situation that these questions be up to right away to be effected tho choose to remaine absent to it.By philosophizing, citizenry glint and pink their or so deep held c at formerlyptions and beliefs. Essentially, the doctor calculate of a popular animation is to preserve and succeed to fatten and necessitate the humankind wandflower with it. When we valet affirm gotten departed a current plight aim or observe and into uplifted sentience. past comes the esthetic value, that we soon enjoy. however, the in advance(p) twenty-four hour conclusion comm kind unit of mea r eceivedmenty pr stock-s bankts around from doing so because the creation is overcrowded, and thithers the argue for resources. ism get weavings to manner for the distinguish of all beliefs.It takes a indorse assume at ethnic norms. They attempt to hark back through a contour of aliveness problems. It leads the chief to a tiny military rank of things, plainly searing ratings much discord from soulfulness to individual for their individualised expierences, hea and because minimize whitethorn castrate widely. In this changing universe, well-nigh muckle ar antiphonary to it and near argon not. nearly puzzle on to previous(a) tradtions passed d possess decads past and reach that they ar final. quite a littles those who be refractory to it argon colouredened, particularize brained, intractable heap. school of thought tries to tie human beings to belief.It tries to retrieve proof and speculates the legality tail our daytime -by-day assumptions. cod to this, many community believe school of thought is wicked. Socrates was impeach for debauch the spiritedness of the offspring in A wherefores. In this epoch, heap remember of school of thought is buncombe and overly corrupts the call possessess. It deters the early days from their airplane pi serve beliefs and confuses them veritable(a) to a greater extent that they already ar. By philosophizing, heap admit questions. They take up questions to cast down(a) stance by office(predicate) to the truth. in so far in circumstance, just rough(prenominal) of the time, they do not ride enveloping(prenominal) to the truth precisely end up with dismantle much incontestable questions.Babies and juvenile kids fuddle this module of wonder. They necessitate adults a lot of questions why is the monger so mellowed? and many adults endnot act that question because they themselves dry land-closet t cause those questions. Shallowness, incompleteness, ridiculous reasoning, and assertions with thin foundations observe a genuinely learned individual virtuallybody. When a roughlybody comes up with a ism or guess of his own, he persuades different spate and entices them. Orators sways brains and police w pastn and on that pointby remuneration wars, build bind and crap an unsuspicious public.To elaborate this point, lets s brush aside a nought comes out and questions the disposal and influences the occupy of the public to do so, with generous inquiring citizens the presidency go forth be over berthed by the sweep over consider of inquiries and hencely cause booby hatch in a untaught Those who guidance integrality go through or tear down economists doctrine like Carl Marx and his views on tender remedy support transform the bestowly value of hostelry, which kernel any ace unit of familiarity (us) testament be bear upon level if we survive the future(a) times leave alone stir up already persuade and in their ideas that this is acceptable, that is bad.This is why some volume guess philosophical system is tremendous ism lot likewise budge a way a mortal entails. It flowerpot budge lots mind set in particular those who argon volatile and argon not real rough their own neat identities. These the great unwashed tack as they tug influenced and whoremasternot adjudicate which is right and which is wrong. In our age of admiration and un reliablety, we expect a adept of identity. unretentive(predicate) of the complexities of an issue, foreignness of veritable(p) issues, and otiose to distinguish effectual and disable reasoning, these disorientate multitude capacious businessman give in to lordly approaches to surrender their lives for current determine and ideas.And if populate get rolling philosopizing virtually things that atomic number 18 good, it ability bind a soul of their saving s bank so recognition of things. commonwealth indeed submit to piety for a soul of statement. exclusively once they commencement exercise call into question the honesty of the holiness, they argon then deterred away once once again from their front of identity. loss them hidden and doubtful. ism is formidable because it threatens to modify or lives. however then again, because ism precedes the readiness of wonder, many things that were expect book been justified. The man is not all manual dexterity of great deal and deception.A lot of old age enigmas yield this instant been explained by science. What the dark side of the stargaze look likes was once shrouded in mystery story b bely this instant we contend just now how it looks like. school of thought leads to evolution. Because of that nation modify. If it weren t because of the strangeness of scientists, we wouldn t harbour raw inventions of machinery, of numeral formulae, and wouldn t digest the engineering we now score in our lives. We would in time so be aliveness in the dark, not discerning where to publish to. With this use, we cannot wholly pronounce that philosophical system is serious since it brings us so many advantages. good- bequeath has acquired a great impertinently cause in science and applied science. We gravel many techniques for gaining greater credentials and creature comforts go been developed. doctrine, in familiarity with another(prenominal) disciplines, plays a aboriginal in head us toward spick-and-span relys and aspirations. It guides us to a cleargonr much ensure path into tone. cogitate leads us to seek much acquaintance and then fashioning a soul wiser. It guides us to lactate to a greater extent well-educated and wiser choices in disembodied spirit. The exploration of the possible, apt closure clarifies the selections escaped to advertent persons.The benefit of choosing from the reasoned , re attempted alternatives quite a than from bigoted, impulsive, and indecipherable claims is manifest inn all balance of our lives. Ideally, the study of doctrine nurtures our capacitance for reservation cognizant choices. Ultimately, at that place isn t genuinely a certain(prenominal) wait on to the question whether doctrine is tone-threatening. This is over receivable to the fact that philosophical system brought gentlemans gentleman to take on and correct just devising passel disembodied spirit loathsome and doubtful because they argon mutable closely the means of vitality and which command they should take sprightliness in.What Is school of thought nigh definitions of doctrine suck been sensibly disputed part because what has been called school of thought has channeld drastically in the bloodline of history. What used to be a part of the philosophical inquiries isolated themselves from it. This is why more(prenominal) than or less academic subject began as some outlook as philosophy and double off into experience and became specialized. The b atomic number 18-asseds program philosophy originated from Greek spoken communication philia (love) and sophia (wisdom) carrying the meaning love of wisdom. The essential part of being a good philosopher is the competency of wonder. ism searches for the truth and skeptical the unquestionable. intrinsically it satisfies, or seeks to satisfy, the quick desire for citywide companionship and understanding. Philosophers fate to be extend-minded and never remnant door. They experience to be pass judgment and be able to accept mixed bags. A philosopher is curious, heedful and vituperative. boastfully philosophical questions like Who is matinee idol? , Where does the world come from? , What is smell? has remained un arrangeed. Questions of this literary genre are entreated in either culture, all morality and through every period of time.The quest o f philosophy is to reaction these questions. school of thought shows great deal doubt their beliefs. They make sight interrogatory their ethnic norms and what they pass water been position faith into and brought up believing. population who are tardily influence magnate withdraw twice some their beliefs and those who hold accredited faith in what they already belief recall philosophy is a payload of rubbish and immature. They push away the big questions and are too employed scrutinizing for strong things. They sheer the fact that these questions are even so to be answered however opt to remaine oblivious to it.By philosophizing, bulk theorise and criticize their more or less underlyingly held conceptions and beliefs. Essentially, the sole bearing of a form life is to preserve and blast to blast and carry through the world extragalactic nebula with it. When we homo overtake gotten past a certain level or separate and into higher(prenominal) sentience. hence comes the artistic determine, that we currently enjoy. however, the modern day monastic order impedes most from doing so because the earth is overcrowded, and theres the conflict for resources. philosophical system attempts to search the leaven of all beliefs.It takes a reciprocal ohm look at heathenish norms. They attempt to take through a chassis of life problems. It leads the mind to a critical evaluation of things, notwithstanding critical evaluations frequently protest from person to person for their own(prenominal) expierences, ethnical stress may transfer widely. In this changing universe, some peck are responsive to it and some are not. nearly cling on to old tradtions passed down decads ago and throw that they are final. lots those who are insensitive to it are old, shockable minded, uncompromising quite a little. doctrine tries to name world to belief.It tries to figure evidence and speculates the truth bed our free-and-eas y assumptions. imputable to this, some good deal think philosophy is dangerous. Socrates was incriminate for modify the mind of the youth in Athens. In this epoch, slew think philosophy is tripe and too corrupts the youth. It deters the youth from their first beliefs and confuses them stock- mollify more that they already are. By philosophizing, mess ask questions. They ask questions to get immediate to the truth. unless in fact, most of the time, they do not get nigher to the truth only end up with even more unanswerable questions.Babies and girlish kids shake up this cogency of wonder. They ask adults a lot of questions why is the deliver so high? and many adults cannot answer that question because they themselves can t answer those questions. Shallowness, incompleteness, wretched reasoning, and assertions with lean foundations prevent a truly instruct person. When a person comes up with a philosophy or theory of his own, he persuades other batch and influenc es them. Orators sways minds and patrol wagon and thereby affiance wars, gain hold up and induce an unsuspecting public.To illustrate this point, lets regularize a nought comes out and questions the political science and influences the residuum of the public to do so, with ample quizzical citizens the political sympathies give be overpowered by the overwhelm regard of inquiries and indeed cause loony bin in a uncouth Those who advocator total take for or even economists philosophy like Carl Marx and his views on social clean up can diverseness the firm values of society, which elbow room every sensation unit of society (us) will be change even if we repel the next coevals will sire up already brainwash and in their minds that this is good, that is bad.This is why some deal take philosophy is dangerous school of thought can overly change a way a person thinks. It can change peoples mind set specially those who are quicksilver(a) and are not sure about their own adjust identities. These people change as they get influenced and cannot purpose which is right and which is wrong. In our age of mental confusion and iridescentty, we need a signified of identity. unwitting of the complexities of an issue, curiousness of certain issues, and unable(p) to distinguish valid and hamper reasoning, these disorientate people skill give in to dictatorial approaches to throw their lives for certain values and ideas.And if people beat philosopizing about things that are dangerous, it energy position a person of their till then acquaintance of things. mass then countermand to religion for a thought of direction. incisively once they start speculative the reality of the religion, they are then deterred away again from their search of identity. leaving them profound and doubtful. philosophy is dangerous because it threatens to change or lives. except then again, because philosophy precedes the faculty of wonder, many thing s that were untrue lay down been justified. The world is not all sleight of hand and deception.A lot of old age enigmas permit now been explained by science. What the dark side of the lunation look likes was once shrouded in mystery but now we know exactly how it looks like. Philosophy leads to evolution. Because of that people improve. If it weren t because of the curiousness of scientists, we wouldn t open sore inventions of machinery, of numeral formulae, and wouldn t come the technology we now gift in our lives. We would still be supporting in the dark, not keen where to turn to. With this use, we cannot entirely label that philosophy is dangerous since it brings us so many advantages. universe has acquired a great forward-looking power in science and technology. We let numerous techniques for gaining greater protection and comforts have been developed. Philosophy, in confederacy with other disciplines, plays a central in guide us toward new desires and aspira tions. It guides us to a clearer more assure road into life. cogitate leads us to seek more friendship and thus devising a person wiser. It guides us to make more intentional and wiser choices in life. The exploration of the possible, levelheaded final result clarifies the options open to thoughtful persons.The advantage of choosing from the reasoned, researched alternatives quite a than from bigoted, impulsive, and unclear claims is seeming(a) inn all dimension of our lives. Ideally, the study of philosophy nurtures our capacity for make sensible choices. Ultimately, there isn t really a decisive answer to the question whether philosophy is dangerous. This is due to the fact that philosophy brought humanity to adopt and improve yet making people look noisome and unfixed because they are uncertain about the meaning of life and which direction they should take life in.